Hi all,
I'd have to say straight away that I've never added CO2, and I've always had aquariums with lean nutrients, where at least one element is limiting. If you like it is a "faith position", rather than being based upon scientific experiment.
To quantify what makes one aquarium "successful", and another not, is almost impossible, the range of variables is immense. If you had data from a lot of smaller studies you could perform meta analysis and develop a "generalized linear model (GLM)", but I'm still not sure it would give you a definitive answer, I'm not sure there is a definitive answer.
My suspicion would be that there are a number of zones in the PAR - CO2 - Nutrients triangle where you reach some stability. I think the main difference is that if you have high PAR - CO2 - Nutrients you have a situation where that stability is transitory without continual attention, and things can "go wrong" relatively quickly.
Before I joined this forum I was very dubious that "Estimative Index" could work, but it obviously does for many people, as long as they follow the rules about CO2 distribution, water changes etc.
From my point of view, I have a method that works for my situation. I like plants, but they are principally in the tank to maintain high water quality for the live-stock.
I don't really care what light I have and I plant lots of low tech plants including some floaters and I aim to keep them in growth, it really is as simple as that.
If I don't have much PAR I have a relatively low biomass, and if I have a large PAR I have a large biomass. Once the tanks are grown in I leave them in their "steady state".
Again I'm a regular small volume water changer, others don't change much water. Because I use rain-water for water changes I'm not adding any CO2, which may make a difference.
Do I have algae in my tanks? Yes I do, but in most of the tanks I would welcome a bit more of it.
It may not be very exciting, but it is a stable position and allows me to leave the tanks for 3 - 4 week periods without any maintenance, or fish feeding, without having to worry about it.
I know that things will be pretty similar when I come back to how they were when I left.
cheers Darrel