I would not try to stick anything on the inside as there will already be a silicone seal running along the two panes.
Fresh silicone does not stick well to old silicone so to be effective you would need to remove the existing silicon seal but then where do you stop?
So I would attack it from the outside, the hole is not a structural issue just a leak potential.
I would fill the hole with silicone (you can buy small tubes of fish safe silicone in any aquarium store) and silicone a small piece of glass on the outside over the hole.
An old film slide might work but a piece of 2mm glass would be much better, you need to clean the surface extremely well and it will then stick until the earth explodes.
One issue I see with this is that the base of the aquarium (wooden) is covering the hole which is why the recommendation was to seal from the inside.
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