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Both circulation (convection) and diffusion distribute gases in air and water, but convection plays a much bigger role. But what we are comparing is how slow plants uptake CO2 in water than in air due to enormous difference in diffusion rate. If plants had gills like fish that can...

ppm by volume or by number of molecules in gases is equivalent due to Avogadro's law that states that "equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avogadro's_law The discussion is relevant in that there...

I’ve just been out to look and …noting. Then read in the paper that tonight wouldn’t be as bright and not cover the whole of the country either.

Decent. I hope my analogy helped some of the other simple brains like myself.

Good explanation and analogy.! You would have passed an exam paper I once had to write up for first year students on a very similar topic …. If you would have said that ppm is a dimensionless unit you would have gotten an A from me :) … Cheers, Michael

Um... well that sends the conversation sideways. ;) Although the result of the calculation is on the face of it unexpected, upon reflection it is not too surprising that the density of gasses is going to be lower (generally) than the density of liquids. True fact that diffusion in gasses is...

I suppose some confusion comes from the fact that PPM is just “in 1,000,000 x, how many are y?” In one million marbles, how many are red marbles? Ten red marbles would be 10ppm. This has nothing of course to do with mg/litre. The weight of the marbles or the capacity are not relevant to what...

But… will it fit a Betta fish?

Yes, apparently: Couldn’t help myself. Sorry - I will show myself out, thank you sir! :) Cheers, Michael

Welcome to UKAPS :) Cheers, Michael

While there might be a minuscule boost to CO2 availability - say the oft quoted 2 ppm in total over the course of like 8 hours after the recommended dosing of say Excel - but no one seems to know what the availability curve is... Is it blown off in 2 hours or 6 hours ... in which case it will...

Well he’s come out of my algae and detritus filled, fish free nano and is now in my pond with swarms of minnows. Oops. 😖 Weird, when you google damselfly nymph and dragonfly nymph you get lots of results that look just like this one. Mayfly nymph however is a better search that shows exactly...

It is a swimming Mayfly Nymph, almost certainly the "Pond Olive" (Cloeon dipterum). This one is harmless, but fish really, really like them. Cheers Darrel

If you find the right Betta, one that is peaceful you could add it

Eight cories and 4 otos will do well in a ten. No other fish

Cheers for the insight Gill. Sounds cool.

I used to do this @ coalville aquatics. I'd setup scapes let them settle and then sell them as seen. Let the person buying take lots of pix and videos incase stuff moved around. So they could put it back exactly. Stuff with bubblewarp to help keeps things inplace etc. This was very popular when...

He’s in a Pyrex dish currently, on his way to the garden pond to live his life to the fullest. 👍🏻

Evening shots. All the moss from forum members have come. They are just floating for now. I will attach to the skulls when back. Lots more fry venturing out from the dense planting in the far left corner.

That's correct, the ppm unit is misleading. In air, it is parts (CO2 molecules) per million (million air molecules). In water, ppm means mg /l. So we can not compare directly the two ppms. The calculation seems to be right, I also get 0.83 mg/l for CO2 in atmospheric air. The diffusion rate is...

Welcome :)

Damselfly or dragonfly larvae. It will eat shrimp and small fish. Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk

It’s about 1.5-1.8mm long. Living in my heaterless, low tech nano.

Apparently tonight is going to be even better. But don’t hold me to it.

And this relates to glutaraldehyde because...?

Welcome! :)

Thanks for the perspective Simon. Very interesting 👍

Hello everyone, my name is Ant and I'm based in Hampshire. I have a few planted tanks to my name and I'm looking forward to exploring the wealth of knowledge there is on website, as well as discovering the illusive 'sales' page as there are not many aquarium shops around me.

Hi Tim. I admit i had to look that up, but you have hit the nail on the head with that one! I have a massive one already loving it in the tank, so i could take a new cutting. Or get another kind? Great! Any excuse to buy another plant!

I wouldn’t buy a completed scape as a lot of the pleasure for me comes from choosing where the plants and hardscape will go. If that’s all done then it’s just cleaning algae and water changes. It’s possibly a problem when people over value the set up. “I’ve spent hundreds on plants and rocks...

Probably :) ... If I am not mistaken this is a Tidal 35... I have two of those in each of my 150L tanks + some internal circulation filters. I have them on the back of the tank located towards each corner and by themselves they provide pretty good flow throughout the tanks (densely...

Thanks for the reply 👍 I have yet to stumble into sellers as am still quite new to the hobby. I’m not keen to sell. Just a thought process from not being comfortable stripping down something with so much time and thought invested. It’s interesting to hear how people feel about it.

It's not uncommon, so there is a market for it. But I suppose it depends on the appeal of the scape. I know Dave at AG sold one of his scapes lock stock and barrel to a customer. And I 've seen them up for grabs on eBay. I guess it's worth a go. You can always sell it stripped down if there are...

Do people buy / sell tanks with a completed scape? I’m referring to tanks that have well grown in, established and matured planting. I’m approaching the point of my tank where I am considering something bigger but do not like the idea of stripping down. Additionally, when I see some tanks...

If it's another epiphyte you're after try Buces. They are also rheophytic.

Spectacular, must be one heck of a solar storm to see the Aurora Borealis this far south

Enzyme based cleaners arrived and worked great. Really Scrubbed the floors. Sprayed it neat in the heavily soiled areas. Also used spray foam on the carpets which has helped alot. I've spent most of today cleaning the house and tidying up his areas. As he is at the kennels now till the 18th...

Hiya Have not updated on this tank in a long time. I really neglected the tank after my holiday in Tokyo last year. The tank became a mess and my fish stopped coming out so I completely stopped feeding them for months. I don't think the ruby tetras made it. It really makes me feel terrible that...

I would kill to have your tap water. Nutrients you can check or stop dosing for maybe 2 weeks do an extra WC. Clean the filter media if you haven't already and see what happens

I mean Green Aqua and ADA are lean dosing. I have been to Green Aqua. They don't have a lot of flow. BUT they seem to be doing a lot of maintenance and use highly nutritious soil. So maybe that's their trick. For us who rely on water column fertilisation flow might be more important. I fully...

My tap water is the same as before. Tds: 80-100. KH=O GH=3. Very soft water with virtually zero buffering capacity. I am using an in tank diffuser thinking the co2 will dissolve in the water in the hose/pipe making it much more efficient. I genuinely think it's excess nutrients. Most of my...

This is cool!

That's what I initially thought as well. But the setup you described is what I have on my other tank and most of the bubbles flow towards the front of the tank instead of the back. This is why I'm contemplating to do the opposite on this new tank because the bubbles will flow towards the back...

I'd be tempted to push it as far back as you can on side it is on now and to try and get a circular motion going with it being an island scape, but the obvious answer is move it about and see which position is the most effective including flow and aesthetics.

I know, I know, I know this isn’t a baby amano - but it looks very similar 😱 A couple of bits of wood were a bit salty, but still…

Tenement back garden in light polluted central Edinburgh! :-)

So I'm currently cycling my second tank and I'm trying to figure out the best position for my filter to get the best flow for co2 distribution but also for plants as well. On my current tank I have the HOB filter pushed all the way to the back of the tank and the water flow (judging by the...

There are many misperceptions on CO2 due to the choice of unit. The atmospheric CO2 concentration is currently 422 ppm by volume. The pre industrial concentrations was 280 ppm by volume. The current atmosphere has roughly 21% O2, 79% N2 and merely 0.0422% of CO2 by volume...

My high energy tank with leftoversFilmed by hand with my samsung phone, sorry for the shaky result.This nano tank is almost 2 months old. Use aquasoil and high levels CO2. Colors look fine, but there's gonna be more coloration due higher level of light over time.

So take the Betta out and add 8 cories? I really like the otos and would like to keep them. They are the only fish I kept from the 20gql I had to give up on.

Hi guys, i've bought months ago the P900, the light is very good, but i im planning to upgrade it to P1200 or 2 A430, the tank is a 110x50x60(50 due to soil ). The P series received an upgrade, now the P1200 is 10800lm, while 2 A430 would give me around 14000lm. The p1200 is 18cm large, while...

Welcome! :wave:

Hi all, I'm <"really not sure at all"> about that at all. I think we are probably in <"Apples and Oranges"> territory, but I don't actually know. @hax47 or @Andy Pierce are probably your best bet for a definitive answer. When you don't inject CO2 it is back to <"Henry' s law">, and the...

Hi all. Because I am on a personal mission to see how I can get rid of BBA, I had to take a strimmer to my beautiful Bolbitis that was once growing really well infront of the outlet. I was really harsh on it to see if it bounces back? Anyway what do you guys have success with nearby stronger...

I never remember to take the 'before' photos but things were getting out of hand with floating plants (despite more than weekly removal of large handfuls) the Hra, and everything generally getting a bit nuts (in a tangly lack of light kind of way). Did a pretty brutal trim of the Hra that I hope...

Where were those taken?

My Corydoras sterbai are spawning right now. They just deposited eggs on this Bucephalandra which I mean to propagate soon: 20240511_104432 by Lenny Lim, on Flickr I won't be collecting these eggs to hatch them, but i'm just happy that they're spawning. Corydoras sterbai aren't particularly...

Yeah that’s a big event! Looks like something is coming out of Hyperspace! Anyone else like to post a light show from your own perspective. :)

1 ppm CO2 in air is 1 cubic meter of CO2 in 1,000,000 cubic meter of air by volume under STP. It can be converted to 1.94 mg per cubic meter by weight in air using a complex formula.

Is it? Please explain.

I think Simon has put it best

Id leave the betta out, 6 celestial pearl danios and/or six cories, as 10 and 15 of each one in a ten is too much. Probably not the otos either, as for the ten/twenty gallon, that rule doesn't really apply, the growth of fish stocking is exponential opposed to linear. I would just do 8 cpds in...

Release the Kraken! Just checking in with the aquaphiliacs. I have not added any new tech to the swamp. The only new addition is some Salvinia auriculata from Ebay which is a nice touch. Here is a recent pic: I thought about a mister / fogger but now feel it is not necessary. The swamp...

I’ve tried a few different things in my Biomaster and it hasn’t altered the appearance of the water at all. Different media may affect the flow, but I don’t know how much?

Mine does the same, and it's not sucking down air from the skimmer, I've double checked all the seals and but on safe grease.

426 ppm CO2 in air is expressed by volume. 1 to 30 ppm CO2 in water is expressed by weigh. Unit conversion from by volume to by weight is not simple. Parts Per Million (ppm) Converter. My calculation shows that 426 ppm CO2 by volume is equivalent to 826 mg /m3 or 0.826 mg/l by weight in...

Here’s my thoughts on choosing how to stock an aquarium. It’s not straightforward enough to build “a calculator”. I think your tanks are too small for most fish personally.

Hi Marco. I am Simon and I am a plant nerd. 🤓

Welcome! :)

Looks beautiful, that red plant behind blyxa is spiral tiger?

Sounds great. There was a post about what members do for a living somewhere? Really interesting to find out about people we sometimes kindly share advice with!

lily pipe attachment that slots onto an Oase outlet. It could just slot onto the elbow that is already there? Thanks for asking.

So after the last update I went ahead and purchased a small school of 12 green neons, love these little guys. Hopefully going to add a few more in the coming weeks to take that up to maybe 20. Nothing major to report over the next week. Fish settled in, plants all growing nicely. The following...

I'm finding that the Eleocharis Pusila in the foreground is becoming rather messy and looking tired, so I'm thinking of removing it and planting something else. Maybe Hemianthus Callitrichoides or similar. Any thoughts or recommendations? As it's only a 55L aquascape I need a more compact...

Welcome 🙂

I'm talking more about YT channels no the forum Sent from my SM-S918B using Tapatalk

I’ve not seen that any of the sponsors on this forum have actively tried to push or promote any products.

I think they both can be grown on rocks greenaqua have done it few times

Pretty sure I've seen it done, but it'll be more demanding than Monte Carlo to get similar results

No, I wouldn’t. In my opinion that’s too many fish for a tank of that size (38L).

What was your tap water like before and now , i think its all about the water and co2, even co2 concentration depend on the water, i live in london-ish and tds from tap is 250 , not disastrous but not good. I had loads of alge when using intank diffuser specially bba , moved to inline and thats...

Hi all, That is why I chose a floating plant for the <"Duckweed Index">, it removes one variable. Plants always have access to <"426 ppm of atmospheric CO2"> and it never runs out. cheers Darrel

For me Clive sums up the Glutaraldehyde debate in this post. The truth is we have no idea how adding glut exactly benefits the plants, they may well get an extra 1~2ppm of CO2 availability over the course of the day, or they may not. Maybe the carbon source is generated via some other pathway...

I only have a 35 ltr nano tank. It is packed with plants and so they get in the way of the flow. I find the whole idea of Co2 being distributed throughout the tank pretty crazy. I have just watched the latest ADA YTube video and theres no way that Co2 was being blasted around the tank. It was...

Yes it is Wookii. Plain expanding foam. Then i carved it just with a plain sharp potato knife and broke some pieces of it. Some people use a small torch but thats stupid since the foambubbles still contains gas sometimes... Then i covered it with 5/6 layers of epoxy resin. First pics i have...

It only occurred to me to look for forums a week or two ago -- I've got so used to Facebook and all it's drama I kind of forgot they existed, which is flipping ridiculous given my Internet Age 🤣

Hi all, They look <"OK growthwise">, but I can't really <"tell how green they are"> because of the light colour. cheers Darrel

Hi all, Obviously <"I'm UKAPS biased">, and <"not an entirely objective commentator">, but that is one of the great advantages of UKAPS. We don't have <"anything to sell">, we have a very extensive <"library"> of past threads and a lot of members who've <"seen it, done it and bought the tee...

I think you've gotten some good advice, but I would add in some big water changes and clean your substrate throughly to get rid of as many dissolved organics as possible. You don't need to plunge your siphon deep into the substrate to do this, check out Dennis Wong's turkey baster technique for...

Oh I have loads of bladder snails... whether I like it or not. And a massive pond snail. I might actually source some larger ramshorns. I added some nerites today. Here's some photos of my floating plants. I added some in-vitro red root floaters today after I took the photos.

So you would add them both? Like 15 Danios and 10 Corys, togheter with 4 Otocinclus and even a Betta? I'm considering returning the Betta... One question tho: Is it safe to assume that a 10gal tank can house half the fish of a 20gal tank (assuming it's the same species and it's small enough...

Thank you. She's much better and is back at school two afternoons a week, but she's palliative and we are making the most of things. The tanks have become a distraction :).

Thanks, that's really useful!

The concentration of gas is no indication of how much the plants absorb, only how much there is available. If a plant uses 1g of carbon a day when there is 30ppm of CO2, it could be that it would absorb that same amount of carbon from the magical glut sub-products, even at a much lower...

Thanks, Michael, that's helpful!

Move the DC or add another to bottom of tank - you may find you dont get the same colour change. I use to check my pH with a probe at various depths and places in tank to check the the pH drop was even in my 50cm deep tank. Having floating plants in a high tech tank with 50cm depth is a...

Wow, that's very popular! 🤣

I'm stealing them from the ones my OH has picked for beer :).

Thanks all, that gives me some more weekends reading!