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  1. P

    Water changes

    Let's look back at some history: PMDD: https://www.thekrib.com/Plants/Fertilizer/sears-conlin.html Frankly PPS is blatantly plagerizing PMDD. "Edward" never once acknowledged anything he took and posted to the original authors of PMDD. PMDD predates PPS by 8 years. I know both authors for...
  2. P

    Shrimps and water nitrates etc

    I cannot kill them. Believe me, I've tried. Reason? To cull the lower grades and keep the nicer fire reds only. I've never found anything that will not also kill the plants as well. I've tried things like algaefix(Busan 77), all sorts of extreme fert solutions. Temps. CO2 gassing. Bastages...
  3. P

    Twinstar..what is it?

    Use DTPA instead of Gluconate or ETDA.......... If you are an expert, well..........then you really are not selling the product because you do not need the product. A method, or a device, any.........can be made to do very well if you are good to begin with. I do not think that is a logical...
  4. P

    My pH profile

    When I had canisters on my tanks I measured about 20 ppm of CO2, when I switched over to wet.drys, I had 3 ppm of CO2 at the night time. Scum on the surface, quite a few things can mess with it. What you want is an ideal mesa like concentration: Your CO2 is more like this: but not as high...
  5. P

    Anubias White

    The last picture is what a healthy White anubias looks like over time. The real white Anubias have very little Chl a, mostly from limiting the NO3. This is not that hard to grow emergently like this. Most of these coming in are all emergent grown, they will insist otherwise, but it's simply...
  6. P

    Can someone explain Rubisco to me?

    So focus on growing plants well, then you do not have to deal with much algae issues, only minor annoyances. I use the forest example: Why are there forest? Why are they not overtaken with weeds? Well, if you come in and chop the forest down, then weeds will take over, if you chop down just a...
  7. P

    Can someone explain Rubisco to me?

    Why are there more than 1 species of algae then? The logic you present is the same as my question to you.
  8. P

    Citric Acid - Source of Carbon for plants[?]

    Why give marketing info that leads to such issues to start with? Smells like poo, looks like poo......what do you expect? Aquarist get hammered with all sorts of BS. There needs some consensus and logic to support a claim. I make hypothesis all the time, but I am not seeing anything and I'm...
  9. P

    Aeration why?

    Actually Amano uses a sump and prefilter over flow wet/dry type filter on all the larger tanks including his home. I do also. The sump/prefilter overflow increased O2 1-2 ppm consistently on 4 tanks I changed over from canisters to wet/drys. Not just one or two, but 4 tanks...........and 1-2...
  10. P

    Twinstar..what is it?

    Sonication is well documented on it's impact on algae, but does little on epiphtyic algae which is really the only issues planted hobbyists might ever have other than Green water which is easily addressed via UV sterilizer. The electric arc produced by O3 generators also can make noises. We used...
  11. P

    Up sizing my aquarium. Best method?

    Buy her a nice new home, they allow you a new tank:) The method you suggest works well. Do 2x a week(maybe 3 for the 1st 2 weeks) water changes for 1-2 months, and the new tanks will hit the ground running. Then you can back off after 4-6 weeks.
  12. P

    Twinstar..what is it?

    To test this: use a redox probe, or an O2 meter. Redox is a standard measure used to control O3 in marine tanks. A similar system could be used to specifically target a set rise in redox. An O3 generator is not much and a redox controller would offer far better control than say 90-150 liters...
  13. P

    Twinstar..what is it?

    I just put the sucker together, it's O3 at low levels. You can use a O3 test kit and confirm?
  14. P

    Twinstar..what is it?

    Well, I know what a bread maker does and how it works. This? Once you know this, then you are not limited to just buying their products. I've long believed in understanding the BASICS about WHY something works and ask myself does this help horticulture? Or does it just make another one of the...
  15. P

    Your personal aquascaping/aquarium highlights from 2013

    Haha, Fear not, no genuflexion required:) I made the deadline with 1.3 days left. I would not have gotten the degree otherwise. SOB......... Yes, it was about aquatic plants. Killing them.
  16. P

    Your personal aquascaping/aquarium highlights from 2013

    I finally got done with my PhD. Enough said.
  17. P

    Breaking rules

    Did you measure the PAR? The distance from the light to the surface? Plant tips? You can get away with a single light on a 90P or the 90H. AFA does just fine with their scapes in their store. But they do not have higher light plants, but hairgrass is not a high light plant, peral weed etc...
  18. P

    Breaking rules

    Hume is awesome. The APC crowd, not so much. All the research, all the logic must be wrong and your bad assumptions must be right because you wish it to be so. You do not win a debate, change anyone's mind or learn much that way. I assumed I knew nothing, but I did know where 6 nice ADA...
  19. P

    Breaking rules

    Take a PAR meter then you have a standard comparison for light, not Watts, or your eyeballs. I find it interesting folks give light a free pass, but are very critical about fertilizers. Tropica made the best article that explains all the various methods: Tropica Aquarium Plants - Rådgivning -...
  20. P

    Breaking rules

    Actually the ADA lights are very LOW PAR, much less than you might predict. The light is also a good 45 cm or thereabouts above the tank. I've measured the ADA lights using a PAR meter on 6 different tanks. They all fell to about 40-50 umols at the surface of the sediment, this tank looks no...
  21. P

    3% H202 or Bleach for Bazooka Atomiser

    I use a small fish specimen container and hang it on the tank, and pull the diffuser out while still hooked up and soak in "Tilex"(or similar in the UK), bleach at full strength will work fine. Then after 10 minutes, I'll rinse the diffuser and pour the bleach etc down the drain. Then I'll...
  22. P

    Condensation from tanks?

    I use glass lids, they do not bend or bow, all plastics will over time. I use them at night only. I use felt pads to softly set the lids on the tank.
  23. P

    Dosing and fish health

    Otto cats most certainly. Apistos often come in in batches, even with low KH water and peat, many importers and breeders lose the wild fish. I agree they do better, but I'd argue that it's the KH that matters, not the TDS as much(but they will be related to some degree). I'm not a specialist...
  24. P

    Dosing and fish health

    Under your claim, TDS.......which is a general measure of ions/conductivity, are the main factors, not fertilizers per se. I can have low TDS and fertilizers. So perhaps we should say that high TDS kills fish/bad for them also? Generalizations get you in trouble. Which wild caught fish...
  25. P

    Dosing and fish health

    Old myth, mostly rooted in fish only aquariums, not with plants as plants remove the nutrients and need a good supply.
  26. P

    Nitrogen Cycle in a planted tank with new filter

    I add fish and shrimp at 3 weeks. I do 2-3x a week 50-80% water changes, there's no NH4 anywhere. Plants mop what little there might be, there's no "cycle". Never seen one in my tanks after 20+ years. I suppose if you added a lot of fish, had very few plants etc, then perhaps.
  27. P

    Do i need to use stainless steel screws in my aquarium.....

    No, plain galvanized work for many years.
  28. P

    no more broken lily pipes!

    Stainless steel folks, that's the way to go. Or built in overflow Returns.
  29. P

    Nice video of various South American habits, plants and fish

    If you have not seen this, then please do, set aside a good 45 minutes and a good cold beer and enjoy it. It's time well spent. [video=youtube;TzzJU810AIk]
  30. P

    waterchanges in the planted tank

    I always do mine about a few minutes after the lights come on.
  31. P

    Low tech, with ferts. Avoiding water changes.

    I've gone a couple of years without water changes using a modification of EI rates, but you get fairly good at watching one species that tends to be dominate, and dose based on it's condition. Low tech approaches are inherently less work, which is the goal and few, if any waters are needed, or...
  32. P

    EI dosers competition successes

    I've seen plenty of nice scapes, covered in algae many times.............and plenty of ADA tanks covered in algae, some of them by the ADA vendors:)
  33. P

    EI dosers competition successes

    You can view the Dutch 120 Gal something or another. Plenty of examples of nice clean tight gardening. It's not a scape really, more a garden. I have plenty of examples however going back decades now. The AGA winner was a newbie, 9 months in the Hobby, James back in 2000-2002 range, won best...
  34. P

    How to remove fine scratches on glass on inside of Aquarium?

    Re: How to remove fine scratches on glass on inside of Aquar He spent about 5 hours on this tank.
  35. P

    Discussion: High end 'v' affordability

    Oh Hades. Reef folks here however will plunk down serious coin for anything. The Freshwater side has always been a notorious cheap lot in the USA. Fish and plant cost have stayed the same since the 1970's for freshwater. I like ADA, and support some of their products, but I'm not a blind...
  36. P

    Definative answers are they possible?

    I would argue in favor the duckweed index for non CO2 methods myself. It's valid and frankly: practical. That is an overriding factor for most hobbyists, around 90% or more I'd say. If you do water changes, then smaller frequent ones seem wiser also, there's just no need to go high NPK dosing...
  37. P

    Takashi Amano and PFK

    Amano really tries to hep folks with scaping more than anything else, why? Because this is where most other mags, books really fail. Anyone can grow plants, but scaping is another matter and the starting goal for many.
  38. P

    limnobium laevigatum

    We have it invading the Sacramento River delta, and several other rivers like Hyacinth in CA, USA, it handles 20-50cm waves no issues. You can corral the floating plants into a corner and they will do well and spread.
  39. P

    BGA, Shrimp and Nitrates...

    I have fires and I have many many many of them, see the 120 Gallon Dutch something or other thread, I dose 15ppm 3x a week of NO3. I might have 500-800 in there? I cull 50 a week. You do not have the EM option in the UK easily, we do, which is somewhat unfortunate.
  40. P

    How to promote the hobby?

    You might look to Malta, they have a pretty active forum also. You have a fair amount of natural materials on the island you can use. Sourcing things is not easy in other countries, so the more people you have locally, the better and the stronger your hobby/club will become. Fertilizers, tanks...
  41. P

    Scuba Diving in a Fresh Water Lake.

    Florida USA has 100's of freshwater optically clear springs and cave systems. They have dive clubs, and then you can go dive on the reef down in the Keys or go to Cayman's or Belize later. Brazil is good.........but the murky water is an issue.
  42. P

    Takashi Amano talks about failure

    I failed with algae for about 3-4 years. But, like many, I'm tenacious and never give/gave up. Many put experts on pedestals, but they are just people and have made many mistakes, you just have not seen all those failures.
  43. P

    sourcing wood

    I have and ship wood like this to the UK. Any in those pics can be done.
  44. P

    Amanos dosing regimen

    Well, the point of the facts are no method defines the aquascape. Algae/growth are factors.........and can detract from the aquascape...........but art is not beholden to any one method, any method can be forced and with enough effort, made to work for a particular aquascape. The real questions...
  45. P

    Amanos dosing regimen

    That's 2x the light I use, I guess I know why I do not get any algae on my rocks or wood and you do:) I do not use Glut either.........that alone can keep things clean, ADA does not use glut. This suggest that too much light and not enough CO2, rather than ferts was the issue. I can add gobs of...
  46. P

    Amanos dosing regimen

    Perhaps in the past, but the UK seems not to use much rich sediments. I would strongly encourage folks to use them in addition to good water column dosing. This might be a function of the added cost, but combining both sediments and the water column affords the best management no matter if you...
  47. P

    Amanos dosing regimen

    ADA's tap water has 0.5ppm PO4.........and with frequent large water changes.............. ADA AS also is loaded with N and P, N runs out after maybe a year or so........... Light is relatively low compared to what the W/gal ranges may suggest. So this seems to all fit fairly well to me. As...
  48. P

    The science behind ADA additives

    This type of stuff is making more and more headway as the public is becoming more and more dumbed down. It's very tough to stop it and all I can do is hope some folks use critical thinking and have a brain. The USA is Terrible about this stuff. I think we invented this rubbish give the level we...
  49. P

    The science behind ADA additives

    Good one, I use this site often for whacky water stuff, you will find a few ADA ingredients in there. http://www.chem1.com/CQ/wonkywater.html A lot of this stuff comes in from other business areas and the marketing folks often say, "Hey, let's try this here and here.......", they have never...
  50. P

    10 planted tank myths

    Here's the same plant you imply needs 200 micromol growing here at 50 micromols, nice lawn of HC and plenty of pantanal. Cuba is even easier........ It's about 120 here near the surface. But the bottom of the tank is still 40-50.............and the W/liter or Gal is pretty low, well under...
  51. P

    Get excited and make something.

    I would have ranked this higher. But I'm not a judge.
  52. P

    10 planted tank myths

    I agree, and from a simple success %, it's the highest % success rates with folks if they follow the advice. but they love the CO2 dope........... As I often state, no one method will meet all goals of the aquarist. Many that are very passionate about plants and scaping however will want to...
  53. P

    10 planted tank myths

    Nope, I got something better, a light CO2 curve, Troels and Ole likely got a few of these maybe? Maybe not......... See figure 6. Not easy to make and not much $ for research, but it's where most of the action is I believe. http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/58/6/761.full.pdf Here you can...
  54. P

    10 planted tank myths

    2bulb aquarium with medium low light, at 60 micromols: All uit takes is a few folks to falsify the claim, it does not state why or why not other folks cannot grow them at higher light, only what the result is and refutes and calls into question the claim, when comparing lighting, you need a...
  55. P

    10 planted tank myths

    I'll take you up on them apples then: http://lakewatch.ifas.ufl.edu/LWTEAMFOL ... ophyte.pdf Paper clearly states a lack of correlation between N and P and algae. Sampling 319 Lakes(more than any other I've ever seen), and that had plants, and a relatively high % of plant surfac coverages...
  56. P

    The science behind ADA additives

    Do not ever loose that thinking. The corporate overlords in the USA have tried and done a very good job beating it out of people here. This crap has entered agriculture also here in CA, often called Biodynamic farming, organic farming and sustainable methods I STRONGLY advocate like a holy man...
  57. P

    The science behind ADA additives

    Sure, but......... EI is not a "brand" EI is not selling a single thing. EI does not suggest homeopathic rubbish. These are not comparable in the context of this topic. Nor is EI a belief nor expects anyone to accept belief as part of the method, nor uses cheese ball marketing ploys. I...
  58. P

    The science behind ADA additives

    For every pretty gal you see, there's a guy out there that wished he'd NEVER met her. Same is true for women's side of that coin. Or wants to bemoan the fact we do not understand it, therefore there's still some remote.........as it really is.......a slight chance they might be correct. This...
  59. P

    The science behind ADA additives

    I've seen this is person, many clubs are a bit ticked off after having him come to their events........however, he does drawn many fan boys/girls to the events, so it's a love hate relationship. Still, he is an artist, and I honestly do not expect him to simply give away the photos or the...
  60. P

    The science behind ADA additives

    Honestly, I think Amano should be more concerned with diluting his Brand than to bother selling this rubbish, the small amount $ made is simply not worth tarnishing one's name with hokey marketing manure. Sell the glass, sell the lights, the filter, the soil etc........but not all this stuff...
  61. P

    The science behind ADA additives

    That's fair then. So how would you set up a test and if the results showed differences, what would that mean? Either negative or positive or neutral ?? Methods are critical there.
  62. P

    The science behind ADA additives

    So test it and see :idea: Then you'll have some degree of experience and will know. However, even if the tank does not do as good as the full line up, perhaps it was the CO2 or some other variable? Hard to say, so you cannot use that as a basis either. If the aquarium does...
  63. P

    The science behind ADA additives

    You state that they are needed and only in small amounts, please describe specifically what you mean by needed and what is provided specifically by these products. I've challenge Amano on this stuff. He made a joke about them. Another group ask him, he stated that the marketing guys at ADA...
  64. P

    The science behind ADA additives

    There ain't no Science behind, it's quack, whack and hokey spiritual hobo mish mash and rubbish. Critical thinking: use it. :idea: Regards, Tom Barr
  65. P

    Scapers and styles

    I am culturaless:) Damn, I've been found out. I think it is a product of the equipment available, hardscape materials and general effort they place on the plants, scaping in general. Scaping is a lot like the Science aspect, it is something that you have to want to learn and learn by...
  66. P

    Volcanic springs in CA, Hat Creek source, aquatic plant nirv

    Re: Volcanic springs in CA, Hat Creek source, aquatic plant These springs are as cold as anything you have in Europe that's still not frozen solid. Right around 2-4C. Water cress is common in the cooler streams. Monkey flower also will grow submersed at 6-8C. Colder waters actually haver...
  67. P

    Volcanic springs in CA, Hat Creek source, aquatic plant nirv

    Re: Volcanic springs in CA, Hat Creek source, aquatic plant There are quite a few nice springs, but pupu and this one are very cold. Warmer ones are found in Bonita Brasil and in Florida USA, virtually all over the state(they must have 100's.) Temp is about 18-20C, so a tad cool, but nothing...
  68. P

    Oxygen in a planted tank.

    I'd say 6-10ppm depends on Temp and time of day, but in general. Use a wet/dry filter correctly for tanks 90cm or larger. Yes, but so does cleaning frequency and other dependent variables(soil vs plain sand etc, rates of plant growth, quality of the growth vs sloughing of dead plant leaves/stems...
  69. P

    Manzy wood to the UK, new shipment

    Priority mail has a limit of the size they will ship, runs about 100$ a the upper range box sizes. 36x18x18 inches, or L x girth cannot be more than 108 inches, otherwise......it must be a pallet. FedEx/DHL/UPS will kill you over those sizes also. Regards, Tom Barr
  70. P

    Manzy wood to the UK, new shipment

    A pallet would fill 4 to 6 such aquariums. Shipping from my end would run about 600$ to London. Customs fees etc, that's where the gov will get you. Not sure the fee they charge, 1 pallet at 750$ value. Regards, Tom Barr
  71. P

    Manzy wood to the UK, new shipment

    they are for sale:) Not cheap since they are prime pieces that I likely should save in the private stash or for pallet buyers. I would call them architecture grade, you could attach a nice steel base and have them as a piece of natural "art" in a home or business. Regards, Tom Barr
  72. P

    Manzy wood to the UK, new shipment

    I've sort of gone more to the wholesale level. Pallet loads are much easier to ship and cheaper. But that is just within the USA. :evil: I typical charge about 750$ for prime Pallet load. This is about 1/2 the cost of per piece pricing. Not sure what a pallet ship cost would be to the UK...
  73. P

    Manzy wood to the UK, new shipment

    I'm shipping some to Tony today. Regards, Tom Barr
  74. P

    Manzy wood to the UK, new shipment

    Also the bike cut down boxes I ideal for larger display pieces, I have a limit on the max total dimension, but I can get some pretty nice larger pieces, and if I trim some of the large pieces down like these: I can end up managing to get the pieces into boxes. Within the USA, this is about...
  75. P

    Manzy wood to the UK, new shipment

    Paypal is the typical method. Regards, Tom Barr
  76. P

    Manzy wood to the UK, new shipment

    In order to maximize the shipping and get the largest return, I used modified Bike shipping boxes, this gets me in at the 108" max grith X Length max sizing. Manzy is light, but HARD, so it's all about volume. I have packed a few such boxes, they have a nice mix of longer larger branches and...
  77. P

    Manzy wood to the UK, new shipment

    I have a fair amount and it is best to pack the box to the gills. The restriction is really the size of the box. about 1 meter x 1/2 a meter by 1/2 a meter, or so combo thereof that does not exceed this dimension. I do not think anyone has complained about the grade or volume of the wood, this...
  78. P

    Manzy wood to the UK, new shipment

    I have some more wood, I'll need to make up for my time and gas to get it. Shipping was about 90-100$ USD I recall, some went down to 60 USD$. Each box will be about 100$ + whatever exact shipping is. I should have enough for 3-4 boxes depending on demand. This is pre soaked and cleaned wood...
  79. P

    Scape Fu podcasts

    Ask Art to go get George Farmer:) Regards, Tom Barr
  80. P

    Increasing growth rate without more light?

    You actually should have excellent results since what you are doing is also something Tropica suggest as well as myself. Light limited growth. So CO2/nutrients are both entirely independent. Regards, Tom Barr
  81. P

    ADA Phyton Git - worth it?

    Excel for algae: http://www.plantedtank.net/forums/algae ... ences.html H2O2 http://www.plantedtank.net/forums/algae ... hread.html http://www.plantedtank.net/forums/algae ... -tips.html APD: http://www.thekrib.com/Plants/Algae/hyd ... oxide.html As far as any non living thing, you can do it...
  82. P

    ADA Phyton Git - worth it?

    Could this not also be stated for CO2 and ferts and also lighting(too much??) I mean if this is going to be the standard metric.............heck........the ruler you apply to dosing any algicide.........then adding too much, not following the directions, a huge factor of human error, impatience...
  83. P

    ADA Phyton Git - worth it?

    H2O2 most certainly, Excel most certainly.............you can and many do. Regards, Tom Barr
  84. P

    ADA Phyton Git - worth it?

    So how's this any different than say H2O2 that cost 69 cents a liter? I can brush this on and it will do the same thing. Also very safe when used correctly. Why do you have BBA on the wood or BGA in the first place? Excel also does the same thing if you use it this way. So does clove oil...
  85. P

    Volcanic springs in CA, Hat Creek source, aquatic plant nirv

    Re: Volcanic springs in CA, Hat Creek source, aquatic plant Well, it's 1300 meters, but if it far inland behind a large mountain range, roughly 2500- 3400 meters. So it's a huge ground water source and all porous volcanic rock. Not sure why it is so cold really, most cave systems are warmer...
  86. P

    Volcanic springs in CA, Hat Creek source, aquatic plant nirv

    Why say much? There are a few places like this in CA, unlike TX, and FL, SEA and other regions where truly lush aquatic plants exist(Pupu springs in NZ is an exception), this is volcanic based geology for the source, not Krast(limestone). The lush growth, really wide diversity...
  87. P

    Do excess nutrients = algae? Is it possible to "know"?

    A picture of a successful, nicely planted tank seems to do well for convincing when I dose 15ppm NO3, 5ppm PO4, and .7ppm of Fe every other day with a full fish load after a few years of stability and a few thousand $ of plants and RCS sold. Beleive what you want, I'll laugh all the way to the...
  88. P

    Do excess nutrients = algae? Is it possible to "know"?

    I can only demonstrate what something cannot be with any high degree of certainty, I can be so sure when I prove what something actually is caused by. The test that falsified Paul and Kevin's hypothesis about PO4 15 years ago was valid then, it's not questioned at this point, as much as some...
  89. P

    water change with EI ?

    As long as they are not flopping on the gravel Regards, Tom Barr
  90. P

    Do excess nutrients = algae? Is it possible to "know"?

    Some folks asked me about this this weekend. They suggested I cannot be 100 % certain that "Excess" nutrients do not cause algae. I mentioned: "I cannot test every cause of algae, thus I cannot ever be 100% certain. However, I can be virtually 100% certain of what something is not. At least to...
  91. P

    Water Changes with EI

    You end with better control doing 50% vs say 25% 2x a week. This is due to the remainder being 75% vs 50%, so mixing of the old, with the new does not act like a linear response, it is non linear, so 25% x 2 = about 38-40%, not 50%. 50% change, is obviously 50%, but you lose some when you do 2x...
  92. P

    FRESHWATER NATURAL AQUARIUM DOCUMENTARY

    You all should come to Florida, it's cheap, no tropical diseases, just feed the skeeters, deer flies, fire ants, gators, and 101 other things that want some flesh. Why settle for 45 minute when you can do it for 3-4 hours in the water and then have a BBQ? I'll be doing another one next year...
  93. P

    Discussion: Are we obsessed with circulation and flow?

    Good advice, re read it a few times if your not Darrel :clap: I like lower light and low tech tanks me self. It shows maturity, thinking, patience, and a rich reward. This tank gets little flow(3x an hour): These fish are fairly good for this tank size(38 gal). In another tank, I added...
  94. P

    Discussion: Are we obsessed with circulation and flow?

    I use PAR, not WPG, never liked that unless I knew the lights and the tank personally or had direct experience with the brands etc. NH4: this is true in higher light systems, less so or not much at lower light. It's not an on/off thing, it's a gradual effect as you increase things. I think...
  95. P

    Discussion: Are we obsessed with circulation and flow?

    Well, for a low light, non CO2 system, that gets few uprooted plants, disturbances, sure. As you drive things faster, higher rates of growth, more fish, CO2 enrichment, this model changes. It can still work also, but it's much less stable than say a non CO2 planted tank. Many seek stability...
  96. P

    Discussion: Are we obsessed with circulation and flow?

    I do not like them, I do not use them. I use Vortechs or small discrete pumps and try and hide them best I can. I think with low light, patience, low nutrients(who knows what's in the sediments though.........) CO2 is much less critical, so is the flow. But, with few fish, this ain't gonna...
  97. P

    Fish welfare vs CO2 levels.

    I agree, and such discussions as this are helpful. No easy answers for some questions, and we live in a world where many want black and white answers. As a whole, the UK planted groups seem way ahead on many areas compared to the US/Canada IMO. A good wise focus, but this is due to those...
  98. P

    Fish welfare vs CO2 levels.

    So what criteria would we use to best help newbies avoid such CO2 errors and killing tank loads of fish? I've heard all sorts of rubbish over the decades about how terrible NO3 is, or PO4 etc, I speak rhetorically and bitch and moan, mostly about some idea/myth, not anyone specifically. But I...
  99. P

    Fish welfare vs CO2 levels.

    Okay hopefully I'm not sticking the hand in the hornet's nest:) No one ever accused me of doing things the easy way. Yes, I often see similar aquariums, really nice looking, but few or no fish, and they seem like they have been added for the pic and I rarely see the same fish, scape after...
  100. P

    Why are ADA Products so expensive?

    Yes, that's a good conversion I found. In Oz, the AU dollar was nearly the same to ours when I went, but they where still paid more, so the US dollars where not worth much then. When the US borrows a lot, the value drops, so imports are cheaper etc. Many tourist show up etc. when the value is...
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