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  1. ceg4048

    Water flow in the planted aquarium?

    Hmm, OK, wow this sounds very complicated. I always prefer the simpler approaches if I can get away with it. A popular general approach with sumps is one of first, covering or otherwise sealing the sump against gas leakage and then injecting CO2 directly into the sump. A major disadvantage of...
  2. ceg4048

    Water flow in the planted aquarium?

    Hello, It might help to provide some sketches as it's not really clear what the geometry you are thinking of/ If you have a center overflow box at the back then using two spraybars on either side will be fine, but it means you have to think harder about how to distribute CO2 to the...
  3. ceg4048

    Filter media, flow and algae

    No. You replace the carbon. Cheers,
  4. ceg4048

    Step down hose outlet to increase flow

    Hello, The mass flow rate, or, throughput of the pump can be limited by the smallest orifice size in the circuit. Take care when discussing flow to distinguish between velocity and mass flow as they are different. You can restrict the holes in a spraybar, for example and this will...
  5. ceg4048

    Filter media, flow and algae

    No, this isn't really true. Activated carbon does more good than harm because it has a high affinity for the Dissolved Organic Compounds that the OP is concerned about and has only a low affinity for trace elements. To make the term more concrete and less amorphous, think about dissolved urine...
  6. ceg4048

    Reducing pipe size

    This is not really true. There is a massive impact of flow throughput when reducing the cross sectional area of piping. The cross sectional area of the 16mm pipe is about 200 sq. mm. That of the 12mm pipe is just over 100 sq. mm. The flow will be proportional to this area, so that is a...
  7. ceg4048

    Nitrate Filters - Do they work?

    It would be nice to get an explanation of what technique is being used in the filter. If it's just using a resin then it would be basically the same as Purigen. These resins do not really attack the inorganic nutrients ions in solution but they neutralize the organics that contain Nitrogen...
  8. ceg4048

    Help/advice with improving flow (Roma 90)

    Hello Dave, OK, 900 L/Hr is the target, so with two additional 200 L/Hr pups that will work. You just need to space the pumps along the back wall evenly from the end of the spraybar to the left wall. Looking at your photo the spraybar looks a bit low to me. I would move it to...
  9. ceg4048

    Filter experiment to control algae

    Hi, BBA is tenacious and does not typically go away just because you have fixed your CO2 issues. They have to be forced out by mechanical and/or chemical methods accompanied by frequent and very large water changes. Remove the tufts as often as you can and after a few weeks they will...
  10. ceg4048

    Filter experiment to control algae

    Hello, Filtration per se has little to do with reduction of BBA. The aspect of the filters that do the work are the pumps which provide flow and distribution of the CO2 and nutrients. A 450 liter tank ideally require a rated flow 4500 L/hour for proper distribution of the gas and...
  11. ceg4048

    Spray Bar and CO2 Diffuser placement confusion

    Hi Mel, OK, well, first of all, it's really important to understand the reason we are using a pH drop. I feel that a lot of folks don't understand why we do it. We just tell them they should do it, and they follow suit, not always understanding the mathematics of the method. As you...
  12. ceg4048

    Oase Biomaster 250 Filter Media Quants

    I totally agree with hypnogogia. You will be wasting money buying "best media", which doesn't do any better job than common media. Your plants are the media. see the thread bio-media-for-fluval-305 Cheers,
  13. ceg4048

    Spray Bar and CO2 Diffuser placement confusion

    Hi Monis, Wow, I'm really shocked at the pricing although I'm not familiar with the Danish Krone. According to the currency conversion charts that is about $65 in US currency, whereas in USA that same probe retails for about $40. So that is not too bad for a probe with two point...
  14. ceg4048

    Spray Bar and CO2 Diffuser placement confusion

    That is correct. There is always some residual CO2 left in the water, however, the amount of residual is dependent on water temperature, whether the tank is top is closed or open as well as the degree of surface agitation. Also consider the accuracy and calibration quality of the device being...
  15. ceg4048

    Spray Bar and CO2 Diffuser placement confusion

    Hi Monis, Yes, you can cut a tiny piece of paper, perhaps pin-head size, and drop it on the surface, then watch it's path through the water. This will show you the general flow field that the spraybars create. Do this at as many locations as you want along the length of the tank...
  16. ceg4048

    Spray Bar and CO2 Diffuser placement confusion

    Hi, Whenever you make a change to your CO2 technique you should perform what we like to call a CO2 profile. This entails taking a series of pH measurements at the time that the gas goes ON and subsequently every hour or half hour until lights OFF, or at least gas OFF. Record the data and...
  17. ceg4048

    Do I need more circulation?

    Yes. No. Feed the gas into the intake pipe. Yes, I agree. We have to balance survival of the plants with aesthetic appeal. Cheers,
  18. ceg4048

    Do I need more circulation?

    Hello, This is the predictable problem that arises when you extend spraybars. The pressure from the filter outflow must now fill the extra length of tubing and therefore it falls off across the entire length. Contrary to popular belief you DO NOT need to extend spraybars across the...
  19. ceg4048

    Eheim professionel

    Yeah, the more sophisticated the filters get the more finicky they get. If you can do without the filter for a while, and if postage isn't a burden I wouldn't let them off the hook. I'd send the head in. You never know. I must admit, I have two of the the 2180s from 15 or so years ago but the...
  20. ceg4048

    Eheim professionel

    Hi, The 2180 does hum a little but I never found it to be loud. I don't think that trapped air would cause loud humming but try removing all or most of the filter media to see if it makes a difference. Normally, if air gets into the impeller chamber you would hear it rattling or gurgling...
  21. ceg4048

    Eheim filter flow ratings?

    Stating the pump output and max head does not help us determine the performance under load. I think you might be confused as to the figure of 50%. We've actually measured the filter performance. This isn't guesswork, and I hardly think I'm in the minority of users who need the information. Have...
  22. ceg4048

    Eheim filter flow ratings?

    Hello, I'll have to disagree, firstly, because the manufacturers do not explicitly state the conditions under which the pump is rated - and we're essentially talking about a pump in a bucket here. If you review the data provided by the better pump manufacturers, you'll see that they...
  23. ceg4048

    Eheim filter flow ratings?

    Yes, just like all the manufacturers. By about 50% Yes, of course it matters. How would you feel if your bank statement said you had twice as much money as you actually had? Yes, exactly. This is precisely why we invented the 10X rule. Cheers,
  24. ceg4048

    Eheim professionel

    I agree with nuno gomes. I own two of the 2180 and they are silent and dependable. The flow is adequate as long as you do not fill it to the brim with flow killing media. Cheers,
  25. ceg4048

    Can't get my flow right - weird pattern

    I agree with Karl. The next step is to remove about 2/3rds of the filter media, especially the silly rings or hoops, which are specifically designed to slow the flow so that large debris can settle out and get trapped. Cheers,
  26. ceg4048

    Spray Bar and CO2 Diffuser placement confusion

    Hello, It is not always necessary to run the spraybar along the entire length of the tank. Be mindful when connecting additional bars that the pressure drop across the extra length will reduce the kinetic energy of the flow streams and may reduce the effectiveness of the spraybar...
  27. ceg4048

    Circulation pump

    Hi, OK fair enough. It's good that you did the research. I'll just add that the standard Eheim media stuffing is not really a good idea. That configuration is fine for fish only tanks, but you will get a LOT more mileage out of your filter if you only use a third of the media, especially the...
  28. ceg4048

    Circulation pump

    Hello, If we were to follow the 10X rule of thumb a 180l tank would be happiest with 1800 l/hr "rating". Having said that it is certainly possible to get by with less. While insufficient flow is one cause of CO2 related algae, there are other factors such as too much lighting, poor CO2...
  29. ceg4048

    Can a second filter be causing more nitrates?

    Actually, I believe it's a bit more complicated than that. Heavy pearling can be an indication of DO saturation, but it's not necessarily always the case. There is a rate at which O2 can dissolve in water, dependent, like all gasses, on temperature, pressure and salinity. If the rate of O2...
  30. ceg4048

    Spray Bar and Tall Background Plants

    Hi, I see no reason why you can't implement the scheme even with background plants. There will be some disturbance but so what? Ideally, CO2 should be distributed in both, but this adds a lot of complication. I would try just with one and see how it goes. You can also add a Koralia or...
  31. ceg4048

    Oase Biomaster 250 - Heater does not fit

    I agree with Darrel. See further discussion in the old thread https://www.ukaps.org/forum/threads/bio-media-for-fluval-305.29612/ Cheers,
  32. ceg4048

    DI Resin

    Hi, I don't think it matters for our case. The reefers worry down to the last ppm of impurity, but for us it's really over the top. the output of the RO filter will be zero hardness. The remaining ions have negligible significance. Cheers,
  33. ceg4048

    Input on filter/flow setup.

    Hi, I would take the easy path. At the end of the day, will you not have an intake at either end, while the output will be through a spraybar? So it doesn't really matter that much which filter intakes the effluent from which filter. What's most important is that you get good motion of water...
  34. ceg4048

    Water flow in the planted aquarium?

    Yes, it is a known plant food, and that is great in a low tech tank, however, in a fuel injected tank the breakdown of organic waste is also trigger for algal blooms. Besides, we are already feeding the plants with nutrients, are we not? Cheers,
  35. ceg4048

    Water flow in the planted aquarium?

    Hi, I would start first by dividing the length in thirds (120/3) and place each of the two at 40cm from either end. If i only had a single powerhead them I would place it at the exact center (unless there were an obstacle there). In my view symmetry is all important... Cheers,
  36. ceg4048

    Thoughts on spraybar direction

    Well I don't really worry too much about any of these definitions. In my case the sump compartments each are covered by a simple glass lid, which I just lift off to perform maintenance. No air tight sealing is required and the glass lids do a great job of reducing evaporation as well as reducing...
  37. ceg4048

    Thoughts on spraybar direction

    Hi costa, I looked at that DC pump and of course I love DC pumps for their control-ability but I did not see the prices. Surely you realize that you also have to get the controller? It might be a bit over the top for our purpose. Of course, price aside, it's perfect because you...
  38. ceg4048

    Thoughts on spraybar direction

    I agree with foxfish. As far as available pumps I'm a bit out of touch with the UK market. Have a look at this website https://www.aquacave.com/water-pumps-powerheads/protein-skimmer-pumps.html which is an American site but it's just to show the vendors that make high quality pumps. Sicce and...
  39. ceg4048

    Thoughts on spraybar direction

    Hi, yes, I realize that and I was not suggesting that you fit the main pump with the pinwheel. What I am suggesting is that you add a second protein skimmer pump inside the sump to do the job. The skimmer does not have to be plumbed. Control of water levels are not relevant. You merely point...
  40. ceg4048

    Thoughts on spraybar direction

    Actually there are a couple of ways that are more efficient, but they are not as simple. The problem of diffusion is resolved by reducing the size of the CO2 bubbles beyond that of the typical ceramic disk. The first and most elaborate method is to use a Mazzei injector, but this is very...
  41. ceg4048

    What filter would I need for the Aquascaper 900 tank?

    Despite the protestations of some, I agree that you should get the biggest baddest filter you can afford. If that means you mount a Formula 1 engine in a Toyota Prius, then so be it. You can always easily reduce the flow rate if need be. You certainly need to distribute the flow well but there...
  42. ceg4048

    Submersible pump for water changes?

    Yes, just do it. I've been doing this for 3 decades. Don't see what the big deal is. Just get a hose that is long enough to reach wherever the destination is and as mentioned by alto, use a pump that has enough muscle to get it there. You are not limited to a 16/22 hose. For large tanks this is...
  43. ceg4048

    Another flow topic :)

    Hi, Well, if the filter is mature then you should probably do the replacement gradually to avoid issues. Healthy plants uptake ammonia/ammonium and in so doing, short circuit the NH3->NO2->NO3 cycle to some extent, so you have some protection, but it's best to do things gradually. Yes, I...
  44. ceg4048

    Another flow topic :)

    Hi, Yes, the biomech is the worst offender. Not only is is atrociously expensive, but it is designed specifically to reduce flow so that the larger particles can fall out of suspension and be trapped. I thought the #4 item called "biomech pro" was activated carbon but no, it's just another...
  45. ceg4048

    Another flow topic :)

    Hi, I would keep the black stuff, which I assume is activated carbon and replace all the white stuff with coarse or medium foam. That will improve your throughput tremendously. You can replace the carbon every month or so, or leave it in as you like. Cheers,
  46. ceg4048

    Water flow in the planted aquarium?

    Hi, 3D backgrounds make things worse by disrupting the flow patterns in the tank. The best one can do with these, if removal is not an option, is to cut a slot so that the powerhead can be made to fit above or below to maintain the straight on angle. The next best thing is to mount it on the...
  47. ceg4048

    activated carbon

    This is not really true at all. This is a boogie man story programmed into our psyche in order to frighten us so that we will continue to remove and buy more product. The fact of the matter is that there is no physical or chemical reason for the substances that were adsorbed by the carbon to...
  48. ceg4048

    activated carbon

    Get any brand name Activated Carbon that you can afford. They are pretty much all the same. They start with the same material (charcoal) and are processed the same way (either sintered in an oven at 750 deg.F or processed by acid wash). As long as the package state "activated carbon" and NOT...
  49. ceg4048

    Prefilter sponge opinion

    This is not really accurate. Activated Carbon has only a very minor affinity for some micronutrients but will not significantly affect the nutrient levels. More importantly, Activated Carbon is very good at trapping organic molecules which cloud the water or which cause foul odors. See the...
  50. ceg4048

    Thinking of getting a Fluval G6 (media questions...)

    Here's a short comment: Following the 10x Rule for CO2 injected tanks, a 90G tank will do best with a filter that has an output rating of more or less 900 G per hour. Are there other brands, or previous versions of this brand (i.e. FX5 or FX6) with similar output that can be had for cheaper? If...
  51. ceg4048

    Necessary flow through filter

    Because strapping a rocket nozzle to the back of the tank is ugly. The idea of a planted tank is to create the illusion of a natural stream or pond and to remove, as much as possible, all visual cues of hardware from the tank which ruin the illusion. Naturally, the first priority, as you...
  52. ceg4048

    Will my tank benefit from a high flow / big powerhead

    Hi, Further to Tim's post, FYI manic flow rates are most useful for CO2 injected and highly lit tanks. There is generally no penalty in low tech tanks for using either low or high flow rates. Cheers,
  53. ceg4048

    Filter flow rate

    Hello, Filter flow ratings issued by vendors are always tongue in cheek. They are almost always measured at zero head and without media. Every foot of height below the water surface decreases the flow rate even more. Normally, the actual flow rate is somewhere between 40%-50% of the...
  54. ceg4048

    High flow in jungle tank

    Sure, there is an upper limit. If the plants are waving around like a flag in a storm then that's too much. A 1000LPH filter will not be an issue in a 64L tank, especially if it's an Eheim, which are anemic to begin with. Once you start filling it with ridiculous media and once it starts to get...
  55. ceg4048

    High flow in jungle tank

    You can never have too much flow as far as the plants are concerned, and if you find the strength of the flow too strong for the fish it is very easy to reduce the flow rate. Jungle type scapes have a negative impact on flow rate when they mature. The consensus is that Flow is King and CO2...
  56. ceg4048

    Heating

    This is my favorite solution. Except if the Inside Diameter of their ports is smaller than the ID of the hoses. If that's the case then these devices will kill your flow. It's of little consequence if the tank is non-CO2 injected, but a major headache if gas is being used. As foxfish mentions...
  57. ceg4048

    ADA Super jets - worth the investment?

    Well, that's the thing, you see. As I always say, a filter is nothing more that a bucket with a pump attached, which is exactly what ADA did. As far as what is accomplished with a lower flow rate than the 10X rule, one really has to consider the situation holistically. In the first place, if...
  58. ceg4048

    ADA Super jets - worth the investment?

    Hi, The best feature of this assembly is tat it uses an Iwaki pump, which are very reliable. Other than that though, any of the other highly regarded brands will do you just as well or better at a much lower price. Cheers,
  59. ceg4048

    Water flow in the planted aquarium?

    FYI no matter what dissolution technique is used, about 90% of the CO2 injected goes straight out the window. This is unavoidable. The larger the bubbles, the stronger their buoyancy and therefore the quicker the bubble rises to the top and escapes, so the idea is to try to dissolve as much gas...
  60. ceg4048

    Flow in a jungle tank

    Hi, Nice tank. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that the spraybar is pointed towards the long axis of the tank, so it's difficult to move the water along that distance and to have it return along the bottom with any kind of coherence. Generally, the best depth is just under the...
  61. ceg4048

    Aeration in QT tank

    If you can see light in your tank it's enough to grow many plants, including Anubias, ferns and moss. Cheers,
  62. ceg4048

    Aeration in QT tank

    Hello, Yes you are overthinking this. You should be careful when assess your light levels. What many people think is too low light is actually adequate light. You can easily use moss, anubias and ferns as these are low light plants. All of these can be tied/glued to rocks, wood or...
  63. ceg4048

    Thinking of getting a Fluval G6 (media questions...)

    Boy, talk about necromancy. Save some money and get better flow performance. Review https://www.ukaps.org/forum/threads/bio-media-for-fluval-305.29612/ Cheers,
  64. ceg4048

    Got my new (to me) filter, do I need to buy smaller spray bars?

    OK. It does not matter if the flow enters a larger diameter in the circuit. So going into a 16mm ID pipe only slows the velocity at that point, but as soon as it enters the next 12mm ID pipe the velocity increases again but the mass flow rate is the same. Mass flow rate is always limited by the...
  65. ceg4048

    Got my new (to me) filter, do I need to buy smaller spray bars?

    10 holes at 3mm diameter yields an open surface area of approximately 71 square mm. 21 holes at 4.5mm diameter yields an open surface area of approximately 334 square mm. If the spraybar Inside Diameter (ID) is 12mm then the input open surface area is 113 square mm. The 10 holes are probably...
  66. ceg4048

    recommend me a new filter please

    Hello, In general, for planted tanks using CO2 gas injection, we typically recommend any filter have a rated turnover at or near to 10X the tank volume per hour. So for a 260L tank the target filter rating would be at or near to 2600L per hour. Asking people what brand of filter to get...
  67. ceg4048

    Flow rate & current in planted tanks

    Hi Costa, Yes, it will make a difference if you use it every day. Again, dose per bottle recommendation into the sump. Some people use double the dosage. VERY expensive for that size tank - remember, it has to be done daily. Also some plants do not like Excel. I see mostly swords...
  68. ceg4048

    Flow rate & current in planted tanks

    Hi Costa, OK, thanks for the additional clarification. Well, definitely, as I suspected that the way you are dissolving the gas is problematic. First of all, it appears, from the size of the bubbles, that you are using an airstone, typically used with an air pump, instead of a...
  69. ceg4048

    Flow rate & current in planted tanks

    Hi Costa, Sorry, I didn't mean to say English was not good enough to explain. Even when native English speakers try to explain their ideas or their setup, we get confused. I have an image painted in my head of what I think you have (and so does Edvert) but the image that we each...
  70. ceg4048

    Flow rate & current in planted tanks

    Hi costa, As Edvert mentions, it's really difficult for us to visualize your plan just by looking at the words of your post alone. If you could draw us a couple of schematics ti would be easier for us to analyze. I recall you had a thread a few weeks ago regarding the poor CO2...
  71. ceg4048

    Ecco Pro 300 Dead or Alive, how to tell?

    Hi, I might be misunderstanding something, but if you plug the pump into the electrical socket and it does not respond then you should assume the pump is dead, especially since you checked that there are no obstructions at the impeller. Does the bulge seem to be due to heat? If so you may...
  72. ceg4048

    I presume the Eheim eco pro are useless compared to the classic?

    OK, well not sure why one day without pearling is the litmus test for judging. You can get pearling in a tank that's headed over the cliff, so I reckon if the plants are not melting, if they don't suffer CO2 related algae and if I can see new growth at some point then that's a PASS. Anything...
  73. ceg4048

    I presume the Eheim eco pro are useless compared to the classic?

    Why wouldn't you want to use the heater? Isn't that one less piece of gear you have to look at in the tank? I think heaters are the most obnoxious looking items in a tank. Spraybars are only the second most obnoxious item, tied with Koralias or "wavemakers" or whatever...we go though all sorts...
  74. ceg4048

    Giving up on my Eheim Pro3 350

    Yep, we learned our lesson 10 years ago => https://ukaps.org/forum/threads/fx5-or-2078.10235/ Cheers,
  75. ceg4048

    Water flow in the planted aquarium?

    Hello, Yes, of course. Anything that enhances flow and distribution in the tank is useful and we are not bound to any particular method. The OP started the thread trying to understand the science and purpose of flow, filtration and distribution. At the time, there was a lot of...
  76. ceg4048

    flow

    Have you reviewed the flow sticky at the top of the page? Cheers,
  77. ceg4048

    Filtration for a sump

    Hello, Please review the thread http://www.ukaps.org/forum/threads/bio-media-for-fluval-305.29612/#post-309876 Cheers,
  78. ceg4048

    filter media

    http://www.ukaps.org/forum/threads/chopped-coarse-filter-foam-as-media.10542/ http://www.ukaps.org/forum/threads/filter-media.31652/ Cheers,
  79. ceg4048

    Can an external canister filter be run with a separate pump? :-)

    Yes, you can take the impeller out and run an external pump. The plastic bucket does not care. Cheers,
  80. ceg4048

    Has anyone downsized filter tubing?

    Very bad idea. If your flow is bad then remove some of the filter media, especially the ceramic noodles if any. This will enhance flow and have negligible effect on filtration. Cheers,
  81. ceg4048

    Too much filter?

    Yes, there is a nominal range of flow rate, which is something like 1-2 Km/hour, but that's difficult even to measure, much less control at all locations and at all times. Too much flow can cause mechanical damage and instability in CO2 delivery - especially if the distribution of the flow...
  82. ceg4048

    Too much filter?

    Well, fish with high/broad/long finnage typically don't like too much water movement, but torpedo shaped fish don't really care. The spraybar holes can be enlarged to reduce the velocity, or you can pack the filter with lots of high drag media to slow the flow if it becomes a problem. Worst...
  83. ceg4048

    Too much filter?

    Hi, No, it's not too much. It allows you to extend the spraybar across the length of the tank whiles still maintaining sufficient flow energy. It's very easy to reduce the flow if it's too much, but very difficult to increase it if you need to. Cheers,
  84. ceg4048

    Biological filtration with Convection currents, Heating cables, Bodenfluter

    The people who don't use heating cables also have not had to tear down the tank or to do mass replanting. There are lots of reason to do a tank teardown. Usually, people tear the tank down due to boredom with the existing scape. So just because the poster has not had to tear down his tank, then...
  85. ceg4048

    Biological filtration with Convection currents, Heating cables, Bodenfluter

    Here you go. You should be asking the cable companies what proof they have that the cables make a difference. http://www.barrreport.com/forum/barr-report/articles-aa/4399-heater-cables-providing-sediment-aeration-powersand-providing-aeration-vs-plant-roots...
  86. ceg4048

    Biological filtration with Convection currents, Heating cables, Bodenfluter

    Hello, Cable heating has long since proven to be a fantasy, whether long or short term. There is no benefit whatsoever in cable heating, so you would do well to simply forget about it. This was tested and discovered to be a sham going on 15 years now. Cheers,
  87. ceg4048

    REDUCING 16/22 HOSE TO 12/16

    The Tetratec 1200 has a manufacturer's rating of 1200 LPH and delivers somewhere on the order of 600 LPH. The FX5 has a manufacturer's rating of 2300 LPH and delivers somewhere on the order of 1100 LPH. A 40% reduction in flow will bring down the delivered output to around 660 LPH. So what was...
  88. ceg4048

    REDUCING 16/22 HOSE TO 12/16

    Don't do it. There is a 40% reduction in flow. And you will have the same problems with flow reduction. It doesn't matter where the reduction occurs. Using original outlet tube makes no difference if there is a reduction in the cross sectional area at any point in the flow circuit. Cheers,
  89. ceg4048

    REDUCING 16/22 HOSE TO 12/16

    Agree with Ian. Reducing flow rate is Very Bad juju. Flow is King. Cheers,
  90. ceg4048

    Do Fluval Ribbed Hoses Reduce Flow?

    As mentioned, assuming the similar diameters, a smooth walled tube generally will produce better flow rate. Again, it has not really been verified that the ribbed tubing in question actually has a corrugated inner wall. This whole discussion can be moot if the ribbing is only on the external...
  91. ceg4048

    Do Fluval Ribbed Hoses Reduce Flow?

    Again, your generalizations are missing the point. In order to gain insight into the phenomenon you have to investigate the reasons. We are NOT interested in speed. How many times is it necessary to state that? The goal of flow/distribution is mass flow rate, not speed. You can achieve...
  92. ceg4048

    Do Fluval Ribbed Hoses Reduce Flow?

    1. Speed alone is not the only relevant parameter in the equations of fluid motion. Density, Pressure, Geometry and aerodynamic properties are just as relevant, if not more so. 2. The kinematics and dynamics of fluid motion does not care if the object is moving against a stationary fluid or if...
  93. ceg4048

    Do Fluval Ribbed Hoses Reduce Flow?

    No, that is not correct. Again, you are depending on intuition and that has little basis on science. The turbulent flow causes by the rotating dimples on the surface of the ball increases the energy of the flow around the sphere. As I mentioned, boundary layer separation on a sphere increases...
  94. ceg4048

    Do Fluval Ribbed Hoses Reduce Flow?

    Well, as Ian quite rightly pointed out, a dimpled golf ball will travel faster and farther than a smooth one, so in some regimes of fluid flow the less intuitive things do occur... Many bizarre things happen with fluids are in motion. The boundary layer issue is one of those things which is why...
  95. ceg4048

    Do Fluval Ribbed Hoses Reduce Flow?

    For Newtonian fluids the equations of motion are the same, whether gaseous or liquid. Water and air are both Newtonian. What differs is the value of the parameters, such as density and viscosity, which are much higher in liquids. Of course, gasses are much more compressible than are liquids...
  96. ceg4048

    Do Fluval Ribbed Hoses Reduce Flow?

    Actually it's just the opposite. Laminar flow is disrupted by dimples, stitching and hair. The undesirable drag induced by laminar flow is due to flow separation from the surface. Flow separation from the objects surface increases the local static pressure against which the object must flow...
  97. ceg4048

    Water flow in the planted aquarium?

    Well it may not have to be as elaborate as a double spraybar, if that's what you mean. You can use a second spraybar if necessary but you may get away with simply having a single pump outlet mounted below the spraybar of the primary filter/pump. Always try the simpler approaches first. Cheers,
  98. ceg4048

    Flow velocity, flow efficiency, filter turnover… some questions

    http://www.ukaps.org/forum/threads/water-flow-in-the-planted-aquarium.1167/page-4#post-247448 Cheers,
  99. ceg4048

    Best way to position 2 Spray Bars

    http://www.ukaps.org/forum/threads/flow-question.26532/ http://www.ukaps.org/forum/threads/spraybar-orientation.17251/ http://www.ukaps.org/forum/threads/right-distribution-with-spray-bars-on-front.22048/ Cheers,
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