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It is in my mind a bit of a stretch calling it a scientific study, but thanks for the compliment. The project is more of a hobby project, something I would argue anyone could do if they put their mind to it (I just got there first). For the same reason I will only be doing water chemistry, but...

You are right, the title is a brain fart on my part. As you so rightly points out, it should be Dark start. I am not able to change the title though, will see if an admin can help here. Once again thanks for pointing out my mistake. Kind Regards Edit: never mind, found out how to edit the title…

Down to work, I need to have it fit in with my work plans for the next 9 months. That is why Dark start is part of the experiment, to see if I can get some data that will help people. Depending on the substrate you might end up with an environment where you do not get the right bacteria or...

Dry start is not a part of it because that is a very specific method aimed at a very narrow range of setups. On a personal level I find dry start a waste of time, why go through a dry start when you can grow a HC or Elatine hydropiper carpet in less than a month when planting and then flodding...

Thought that was covered in the first post. The aim of the experiment is: The outcome measures are: You could translate that into which is better, but how do you measure that? Pictures will give people an idea about how things looked after 125 days/ 90 days and dry matter yield how well...

PAR: Photosyntheticaly Active Radiation is measured in W/m² or J/(m²*s) and it is a measure of the total energy of all of the light that hits a surface in the wavelength interval from 400 nm to 700 nm. It is a quantitative measure, not a qualitative measure as it only tells you the total energy...

How can you trust what they are writing about the light given that they have provided a PAR distribution that is from a point or circular source and not rectangular as the light is?

Greetings, As I am starting a comparative experiment involving a three different methods used when setting up a new aquarium, I am in need of some input for one of the methods. I will be running the experiment twice, once without CO2 and once with CO2 and setting up three identical aquariums in...

I though that was obvious. Most of the plants used are not true freshwater plants. On top of that if you look at where many of the plants grow you will find that they grow well into the temperate zone. Some are pure temperate zone plants. No, but it should be a principle we use when looking for...

Occam’s razor… they evolved on earth under the light of our sun. If they grow in the shade of other plants your best bet is growing them in the shade of other plants (that evolved to grow in direct sunlight) in the aquarium. They are not. There is a reason why people use meters that are used in...

The problem is that not that many of them are tropical freshwater plants, and the argument is further flawed as plants use the light for different parts of their growth, where humans use it mainly for being able to navigate the environment. From that statement I take it you have not tested the...

It really depends on the PAR meter you use, as they have ranges that depend on what sensor the model you are using have. Attached what I get using my Apogee MS-100, both PAR and ePPFD. But as I tell people when talking about light and PPFD: ‘If you don’t know the spectral power distribution...

Was confronted by someone that with reference to this thread said the the inverse square law does not apply to aquarium lights. I helped them understand (or at least I hope that they in the end got it) the limitations of the inverse square law and why it to some degree can be used on aquarium...

Correlation is not causation. You postulate that it is due to the high levels of blue light and low levels of red, but just like in the link that Maf 2500 gave, you can not say that based on the data. They had used a faulty test methodology where they changed two parameters at the same time...

At Maf 2500. Reading your link, the last section: they have not been able to make consistant results in the greenhouse with regards to suppressing plant hight. I would say there is need for further research and possibly tweek more parameters to eliminate other factors. Doesn’t mean they are...

Forgot to answer this question. To the same degree that sunlight is applicable to plants that can thrive above water as well as under water. I know this is repeating myself from other threads, but if we focused more on having light that mimics natural sunlight, so that it is only the intensity...

That could be a function of the spectral power distribution. With the higher K rating you have less red wavelengths, and some research suggests that light around the 730 nm help plants grow longer stems. But again K rating of light really doesn’t tell us much about the spectral power...

Hi jaypeecee, I have no knowledge of blue light shrinking plants, but research have shown that light from 300 nm up to something like 430 nm will help the plants get more dry matter, that in turn will help them withstand external stresses. I guess (I have no basis for saying that this is the...

A couple of suggestions for your project: 1. It seems to me like you have fallen into the pit of trying to get a spectral power distribution that fits your needs by mixing LEDs with fairly discrete wavelength output. Why not go with one of the better white LEDs on the market and then suplement...

Just a reminder about the Tropica Live tonight at 19:00 CET. Remember there will be people from Tropica watching the live chat, so you can ask question to both George and Sarah about the aquascaping as well as more general aquascaping questions. You will alsohave a chance of winning some...

Both floods and volcanoes are essential in the distribution of nutrients on earth, so those are not good examples. Tornadoes are not known for any substantial benefits to ecosystems other than the rain they also bring and possibly moving some matter around. But what any of that have to do with...

The best light for me would be the ELOS PlanetPro (ELOS - The Aquarium Company: Company Store | ELOS-Europe) with these LEDs from Yuji (https://www.yujiintl.com/upload/file/2020/20200303/20200303102159_2811.pdf) at 5600K in the bars. I have the PlanetPro (as well as the PlanetCompact), but not...

There are many ways to look at things, when it comes to taste and preferences there is no right answer. If you want to argue that having as much filter material in the filter is good without looking at how that filter material is used, that is up to you. You and I have different metrics we...

First question: Don’t know, never had the inlet going more than 2/3 down, but with the setups we have used them in there might be a tiny bubble left, as the momentum of the water rushing through the pump through the outlet have been enough to expel the air. Second question: You might get some...

To my knowledge they have been discontinued. And I will agree that they make great products, and that they are hard to get hold of. I have a couple of their Aquascaper series aquariums and they are the best aquariums I have ever seen. I have also been very impressed with their lights. The wife...

A square filter is an inefficient use of the filter material. Looking at hydrodynamics you will see that the optimal container for flow is a cylinder, or just look at nature for an empirical proof, as you don’t really tend to find any other shapes than cylindrical tubes for moving fluids. The...

VIV --- high quality aquarium product manufacturer is what you want. It is ADA quality at 1/4 of the price. Forget about BLAU, it is not worth the money you pay for it. When it comes to spring brush cleaners there is only one brand that will bo the job and not ruin your glassware and that is...

I would like to start by stating the the headline could be viewed as clickbait, as I still haven't managed to make a functional copy. Over the last year I have been fortunate enough to get to know a scientific glass blower (I'll call him Chris here), who have made some custom in/outlets for our...

I have after years of trying to get lights for my aquariums from many of the more well known brands in the hobby given up and had to make them, using strips and COBs. I know that it is possible to get T8 LED tubes that will fit some fixtures but they do not fit in with my setups. Regarding CRI...

and yet that is what is stated in the first line in the post above mine… Sorry, but you are wrong, even people who are just doing this as a hobby should worry about the spectral power distribution. I have tested aquarium lights that dispite being dimable were only able to keep easy plants...

There is a huge difference between lights, and how well the plants will grow under them. For some reason there is a very widespread misunderstanding that RGB lights are good for use in aquariums, and that all you need to worry about is the PAR of a given light. You get the PAR reading by...

My take on that from 2019, in a 17x17x17 cm I do question the addition of livestock to an aquarium that small.

I have been looking at getting that moss for a few around 6 months, but have until now not been able to find it in a quality that I am happy with and able to get shipped to Denmark. I contacted Mini Moss , but they do not ship outside Australia... A bit of a shame as they seems to have a fairly...

Good starting point, can look at his articles, as they might provide references to older articles

https://www.livescience.com/14406-fish-tank-ancient-roman-shipwreck.html

Interesting read, but I have a couple of suggestions for improvement on the article. The first is that marine archeologists recently found a wreck that seemed to have had tanks installed for transportation of live fish were used by the Romans. I will see if I can find the article if you are...

Looks like you had a nice experience there, did you ever get time to go hunting for Hakkai stones? As I understand it they can be found not only in nature, but for the lazy person that are also to be found in 'garden centers', although not easy to find in nature nor in shops.

It can be, some studies suggest a direct negative influence as a function of CO2 levels (although small), others only indirect influence in the bacteria activity( This study is in sea water, but could give an idea about what might happen in the filter...

How about using spiders, don't know much about spiders that are naturally present in your area, and if there are any there that would be suited for the kind of environment in the tanks, but it might work.

I can't even begin to express how much I agree with you here, we are pushing the limits, I do it myself mainly for the intellectual challenge, and it isn't always giving a more nature like look, quite the opposite. The funny thing is that really long term aquascapes that have been running for...

It doesn't need a transformer, if you look at the box that changes the voltage from that comes out of your socket, you will notice that the voltage range is given from 100 - 240 V and 50 - 60 Hz. All you need is an adapter

Aquascaping is that you want it to be, and I my mind some of the problems with forums are down to them being echo chambers. If you look around some more, you will find people running tanks that require minimal intervention, and others that run high tech with the twist that they measure...

The density of normal salt is just over 2 sg, so your salinity will be slightly higher when you use that formulation.

If you want to keep the daphnia going all winter, you will need to feed them either by making sure there is enough light to provide them with algae, or feeding them yeast (anything very fine will do, but yeast is a known method). Over the winter it costs us about 1€ in fresh yeast to feed/breed...

When it comes to testkits you get what you pay for. To my knowledge the best way to test is getting a propper lab grade setup, but that is not easy, nor cheap. ELOS have some really good testkits that are lab grade, but they are not priced so that most people will think that they will just do...

Betta breeders in the US as well the EU normally says 2.5 us gal for one male, but they can handle smaller for a while. I looks to me like the entire surface is covered in plants, and Bettas should have access to larger area of free surface to accommodate their natural instincts to go to the...

To be more correct, the UV will photo degrade the chelates https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279673250_Photodegradation_of_FeDTPA_in_Nutrient_Solutions_I_Effects_of_Irradiance_Wavelength_and_Temperature

I can't say why they included the HgCl2 part of the experiment, because as they say in the article it was not very useful, but then again if they didn't include it in the article others might try it.

Ahh that is what my wife is doing to the orchids when I'm away with work, she is not trying to kill them, she is just trying to make them flower...

If you want good flow, getting a powerhead is probably a better solution than spraybars. The problem with spraybars is the flow entering the turbulent flow regime at the small holes in the spraybar. The problem with turbulent flows is the loss of hydraulic power, and should you want to find out...

@dw1305 Should you be interested in making your own in vitro plants, you could try and follow the procedure given in this experiment http://www.currentsciencejournal.info/issuespdf/Anubias-Sheeja 3.pdf (I have not tested it, and the journal have an impact rating score of 0.66 on ResearchGate)...

Well we just use tap water, and the last lab test had the following results which can be seen in this link http://svenstrupvand.dk/files/2018/01/Udvidet-kontrol-29-11-2017.pdf . The creeping behaviour is only exhibited in the high light aquarium, we do not see it in the the other aquariums where...

I don't have access to Nature articles from my current location, but I managed to find the full article here https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2017/07/09/161182.full.pdf although some of the figures are missing from the last part of the article. I am not sure that you can draw the...

The way I manage it is 50-90% water changes every day and loads of nutrients in the water column, as in 30-50% of a weeks normal fertilising dose. That combined with cleaning at a slightest hint of algae (if you set it up with in vitro plants, and everything is sterilised before use, including...

Hm, that is close, but not quite there. My wife was kind enough to show me a video of the aquascape today, and the Green have started going through the cracks in the rocks and shading the Pangolino. I am a bit surprised by that as it was planted 13 days ago, but then again I have been running...

I could be because it is classed as an advanced plant, but for me I guess it's because I like Rotalas and that I can do almost anything with them.

Thanks for the suggestion, but again, not the expression I'm looking for as the distance between the rosetta is larger than I would like it to be.

The shape of the leaves is far from the look I am looking for, so that is not a candidate, but thanks for the suggestion. I will just have to see if it will grow the way I'm planning for with the light I'm using, otherwise I can dial the intensity back without changing the overall expression...

I guess I will just have to see what it will do over the next couple of months. I'm now planning on using a Solar II with FPL36 tubes instead of an Aquasky Moon for the next scape where I will use Rotala sp Green, so I hope that might make it creep less.

@rebel That is one of the things I have been doing a lot, looking for hardscape materials that you can get locally, so you don't have to pay 5€ for a kg of rocks and 30+€ per kg of wood. I would suggest that you contact some of the opal miners in Australia, you should be able to get some...

I have a 'problem' with my Rotala sp Green. I planted it 9 days ago, in my Mini-M, and it growing nicely, but I was planning to use it as a background plant together with Rotala sp Shimoga, but unlike the Shimoga that have more than doubled in hight, the Green is just creeping horizontally . I...

I Denmark they only burn smaller patches, that way the animals can get away to the unaffected areas. With regards to grazing, sheep are the most frequently used animals for this, but if that is due to historical reasons or based on other factors I don't know. In my youth I remember them making...

If you contact the body that is in charge of the NNR and talk to them about collecting heather you should be able to get more heather that you can possibly need in a lifetime of aquascaping. The funny thing about heather is that it needs grazing, a good fire or other types of abuse in order to...

Just having the water being moved around in the tubing will heat it slightly and that is ignoring the extra heat added to the water from the heat the pump it self generates. It is thermodynamics 101, you add work to the system and that will in the end end up as heat. Edit: Your light will also...

That link contains nothing but hearsay Tom Barr have never given any links to actual research supporting his claims. I'm sorry but I have yet to find Tom Barr actually produce any links or references to his claims regarding EI, that is peer reviewed, nor to many of the other claims he have...

My only experience with plastic/acrylic pipes are those that comes with EHEIM classic canister filters, and the Dennerle Scapers filter, and while they work just as well as those made from glass, they do get scratched over time. I looked into having among other materials, acrylic, coated with...

@ J@mes You are welcome, things are only as complicated as we want them to be (I like them to be very complicated). My wife used the app from Tropica a few years ago when she was setting up an aquascape for a friend, mainly so that they could continue using it when they got the matured...

A few companies have guides on starting aquariums. I have only use substrates/soil from ADA, ELOS and Tropica, Tropica and ADA have guides on setting up new aquariums on their webpages but I have not found one from ELOS (I have not needed one from ELOS as I started using ELOS after having used...

Let me start with asking you again for links that will back your previous claims, as you have yet to provide any. I assume you mean wetland not swamp? It is irrelevant what we think if we can't somehow back it up, at least when we venture into the domain of science. You fail to specify what...

I have seen it from Rotala, HC, Anubias, and Crypts, but as you most likely know many of the plants we use in aquariums are plants that can live above as well as under water, the same is the case for the plant that the poster is referring to. I'm interested in the difference between pearling...

Hi Marco, I don't know if you know this, but there is a good group of Italian aquascapers that can be found here http://www.itau-italy.com. My wife it talking to a few of them and they seem very nice and approachable, but that could just be because she is female, you know how it is with Italian...

There have been many rumors floating about (pun intended) regarding the closing date for it. My guess is that they will keep it as long as it makes a profit, or they are getting funding for it, and they don't need the space for something else. I would keep checking the webpage...

Sorry for necroing this part of the thread, but you could use heather for the same look. If you collect the heather, boil it for roughly 10 min. and then let it dry for a couple of weeks, you will be able to strip all the leaves of it and you will have something that looks very similar to the...

It is most likely due to the plants struggling that they are not pearling. I don't have any articles or measurements on oxygen levels in an aquarium over a 24 hour periode, but I have a couple of links to websites that have some useful numbers https://www.algone.com/oxygen-in-the-aquarium...

That brand is better than many other brands, but the amount of fiber in it is, according to other sources (read rumours), higher than advertised. My wife have used it, and she was fairly happy with it, but she is not using it anymore. You can do a lot worse than using this brand.

Greetings, 1,5 days after setting this Mini M up, it is not finished yet as the Vesicularia 'Christmas moss' I got was in such a poor state that I would not use it. I find it baffling that I seem to be unable to get good 1-2 Grow! despite living 25 km from Egå (Tropica). The plant selection...

I got the wife to take a picture of the sv2 in her hand, next to a measuring tape. The food closest to her wrist is pre soaked, and the food closest to the measuring tape is the dry food, she say that she feeds them the food dry from the tin, as it doesn't really swell when wet. The food also...

Hi it's the wife here. The reason I like ELOS food is because it's high protein, reasonable fat content and has only 1% fibre. ELOS claim the food is dust free and has no free oil and these claims seem to hold up as I'm seeing less bio film in tanks where I feed 100% ELOS food another is no...

ELOS will ship it, just go to their webpage. I know there is a shop in the UK/London that should have it as well. You could try and get your local fish store to stock it as well, the minimum order size is not overwhelming.

ELOS sv2 and live Daphnia. My wife is breeding Bettas, and she say the food from ELOS hands down is nutritionally the best dried food she have ever seen for them. I haven't looked into the needs of Bettas myself, so I only parrot what she is using and as long as she keeps her Bettas out of my...

Using your argument, can be used to refute the transfer of experiences from one system to another (aquariums). I agree that there is a plethora of variables, but I find it troublesome just discarding research in favor of limited sample sizes from the internet. Yes it takes a very long time to...

Hm, I still haven't had problems finding articles that covers general problems encountered in the hobby. Granted if you look for research on a specific plant that is hard to come by, but articles that can be applied to our aquariums. A good place to start is looking at Kaj Sand-Jensens papers...

Here you go: https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/2269357 , the problem with your question is that beauty is in the eye of the beholder. I will no go into lights, other than say that get the artificial light to be identical to the natural sunlight, and you than have...

I have yet to see hard data from Barr, I looked for quite a while and just gave up after a couple of days of sifting through his posts. I will continue to stick with using peer reviewed research and base my setups on that. When I started again in the hobby I was quite baffled by the strange...

How would plants requirements for growth be changed just by moving it from nature to an aquarium? When we place plants in an aquarium we are tasked with providing them the best possible conditions, but when we take plants from vastly different biotopes and try and place them in the same...

Given that Barr doesn't measure parameters in the aquariums I find it hard to use the findings for anything, as there is no parameter control. Good science is good control over the parameters.

I would suggest reading the following article: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/75d0/c9e27c142d9f36b49733b0cb27bcf697ae82.pdf. You will find the answer to your question there, as well as mean nutrient levels.

assuming the packaging measures 15x45x70 cm, around 6000 units, assuming they do not exceed 4 kg per unit.

Shipping from JP to DK is between 1000 and 2000 Euro for a 30 ft shipping container, so enough people getting together and shipping things together will make it worth it