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The most simplistic answer is, that what we do with planted freshwater aquariums is far from what nature does. Maybe 99% of the plants available in the trade are bog plants that seldom grow permanently submerged as solitary plants in nature. And we have very few true aquatic plants. And since...

Welcome! I haven't seen any yet, but that might be because I'm used to writing in Dunglish myself... But I do use the help of Grammarly free version browser addon (set to British English) https://app.grammarly.com/ It helps with Spelling and Grammar and since I've been using it my Dunglish...

You are saying your system has a regulator... And that is the one, if single stage, causing the end-of-tank dump. CO² will regardless of its stored pressure behave the same, it does what it does... It's the single-stage regulator that can not keep up with what CO² does at the stage when a CO²...

What I've noticed with the Amazone swords is when the submersed form leaves reach the surface the leaf tip will stick out of the water and this will dry out. It needs this for an X period with several leaves to trigger the roset to form new emersed form stalks with different-looking small...

This is a tad confusing... :) What do we have here? We have a constant voltage 90-watt PSU giving 12 or 24 volts. Or do we have a 90-watt constant "current" driver in Ampere? The LED driver is about constant current and a PSU is about a voltage x Watts.

This one is it The TC isn't a driver but a controller for a constant voltage LED. When you connect a constant 12-volt PSU to the TC the output will be constant 12 volts. This means a 12-volt input connected to a 24-volt LED at the output will still run but will be dimmed at 50% of its...

I don't think the depth doesn't matter for the roots but the plant base (green or wooden stem) shouldn't be submerged too deep. I guess the issue with the plant completely in soil or substrate and soaking wet gets anaerobic which is deadly with insufficient light in colder climates. Then the...

And in Europe, it's a popular houseplant, if you overwater it, especially during the fall and winter with short daylight cycles it will suffer root rot and die... But it can be kept in a vase or large bottle with water only, but when the roots are in soil then too much water is a no go... :)

It might have been the Cyperus haspan aka Dwarf Cyperus... :) https://www.turn-it-tropical.co.uk/product/cyperus-haspan-12cm/ I've tried it once in the paludarium setup as above and failed because this plant needs sufficient light to thrive in wet conditions. Insufficient light and constantly...

Very small and very slow :lol: Its roots destroyed the tank and pushed the silicone joints open in about 2 or 3 years from seed to mature plant. It's a monster, the downside is you can't prune the root structure if it has a substrate.

Quite a lot is possible, but you should have a sufficient light source and light cycle and fertilize it accordingly. The light source used in the pictures was a DIY LED setup with +/- 7000 lumens, controlled with a dimmer/timer slowly ramping up from 0% to 100% at midday and then down again...

Yes, that sums it all up... :) People in this hobby often think their personal experiences are universal to every situation and a general rule. But they are not always and we all have different parameters, a sum of small things that can make quite some different outcome. That's what makes this...

It's looking very nice! 😘 Good luck with the native ferns, I never had that particular fern shown in your picture... But I have different ferns growing in the garden and always find loads of baby ferns between the tiles. I have tried every single one to grow indoors and for each, the drawback...

Relative to the growth cycle of Microsorum sp. this is a very short period. Your fern's bigger mature leaves are still in the emersed growth form from the nursery and are at a standstill regarding their growth and slowly preparing for vegetative reproduction. The new plantlets that will develop...

Yes, I do have some experience with fixing cracked or leaking aquariums... But I can not judge the crack from your tank from a picture. Anyway what does not work is new silicone over old silicone where new and old touch will eventually delaminate again... But an MS Polymer might do the job, I've...

I believe there is a "How it's made" documentary on fish food, I remember seeing it long ago. But it wasn't that interesting, the main ingredient is leftovers from the fish markets that are not good for the human consumption market. Name it and it's in there, parts of the clamp, shrimp, fish...

Note this root stimulator is developed for nursing terrestrial plants, as an addition to the fertilizer solution. Don't use the recommended dosage amount as advised on the label if you use it in an aquatic environment. Because a dosage in the recommended amount will affect the pH with + 1 point...

Till now, I have never seen a UG flower underwater, my best guess is it's not able to... but if the light is sufficient enough it will flower abundantly when grown with the leaves above the waterline. I've seen UG growing and flowering on the window sill in a puddle of water in a small cup with...

As long as the current doesn't change the LED will stay burning at its initial intensity... But connections can corrode and this can cause resistance that alters the current flow, less current flow through and or lower voltage can cause an LED to dim. For the rest LED burns or it doesn't, in...

It says relative to its size and or mass... A car horn is about 110dB I can't believe a 12mm fish produces a true 140dB... But it would be a laugh if it did... I had those croaking Gurami's for a few years and I kinda loved the sounds they made, it gives a truly exotic tropical forest ambience...

Recently newly discovered species from the streams in Myanmar, Tiny fish 12mm can make noises louder than an elephant... Tiny fish can make noises louder than an elephant, says new study I guess if it ever gets into the aquarium trade there will be a huge run for it... I wonder how a school...

It says amphibious pump, but it doesn't need to be, it can be used submersed. Searching eBay or Aliexpress you might find them cheaper directly from the wholesaler. I've bought and used these in the past and are pretty good pumps. Bought for 1/3 of this price at Aliexpress. But that seems to be...

For all your Book lovers this might be of interest... The 2nd hand bookstore "De Slegte" They have a huge collection divided over 7 different locations in The Netherlands and Belgium. They do not discriminate languages and store whatever they get their hands on, have Dutch, German, English and...

Fox can be pretty nasty if it's infected with the Tapeworm "Echinococcus multilocularis" Cats, Dogs and Foxes can be the final hosts of this parasite but they don't really get sick from it. For us humans that's a different story and can be very nasty and or dangerous... That's why it is advised...

Like the W in One fell in between the Two?

I don't know and can only speak for myself and UKAPS... But, if asked some can pick aquascaping apart according to the set of rules and critique it. But I never read anybody saying "This is so bad it can hardly be considered aquascaping!" At least not at this forum... :) Maybe, at some other...

Diorama is not a specific term for a particular scenery or theme it could be any artificial lifelike 3-dimensional miniature composition in a box, cardboard, wood, metal or glass doesn't matter. You could name it a peepshow or a looking box and the scenery could represent anything, a Landscape...

It's more challenging than it's mad I kinda see the beauty of its silliness and can have a laugh too. But it's indeed curious how this ever could have developed in such a way. After all, there must have been a bunch of linguists involved coming to agree that this should be standardized like...

You kinda misinterpret the relatively modern term "aquascaping" and we (can) do it without CO², the scapping part is like Landscapping like you could do in the garden but we do it in a smaller glass box. Creating a diorama and the word means "Dia - Over or Through or Across" and "Horama - The...

Oops! That I didn't know... Good luck finding a better-priced one...

I more often write English with the help of a decent grammar checker than I speak it. Nowadays I only occasionally speak English and while reading the poem below "Out Loud" I couldn't help laughing about myself almost breaking my tongue a few times and having to look up the proper...

I'm from a technical background, I guess I got it from my dad he was a Maintenance mechanic in the coal mines working underground. During the day and late shifts, coal was mined and during the night shifts the maintenance came in. So I didn't see much of my dad and didn't learn much from him, he...

This setup is the most stunning, beautiful and well-thought-out build I've ever seen... :cool: Amazing!!! 💪

It's Greek and translates as "Epi" = "Upon" and "Phytos" = "Plants" I can't find who initially launched this term into botanical science. It could be A. Schimper since he wrote the first book "The Epiphyte Vegetation of the Americas -1888" and there is no earlier literature describing epiphytes...

Welcome... Not sure if this is what you are looking for... But it is still brand new in the box. In the UK London https://www.ebay.de/itm/305246779844? Preis: £94,61 Versand: £18,33 Einfuhrabgaben: Ca. £25.94 _________ +/- £138,88 | €158,71

Rheophytes will be difficult there aren't that many around in cultivation and rather is an odd term, Rheophytes are plants that are (bog) plants that prefer or can survive fast-moving water. This could be anything that grows emersed and lithophytic or epiphytic in and around fast-flowing water...

This shop had it for a short while, maybe again in the future... https://www.aquarium-planten.com/shop/5/bijzondere-planten--rare-aquatic-plants/177 Also, this shop in your home country is worthwhile to keep track of, they regularly have rare aquatic plants in their collection. Unfortunately...

I know that for many competition Match anglers, it's common practice and a so-called old-time secret recipe to put Anise seeds as an ingredient in their bait food. They claim to catch more fish when using this because of the Anise's laxative properties. The theory goes the Anise in the bait will...

That is because all super glue is cyanoacrylate and this needs a reaction with moisture to cure... An average of 50% air humidity is enough for this reaction and then it will cure in a clear transparent sort of acrylic polymer and stick in a few seconds. Hence in some countries, it's known as...

That could very well be possible... We haven't found the smoking gun yet... Some archaeologists suggested it probably was the Neanderthaler from whom the modern humans learned to build after they migrated to Europe. Sometimes when watching documentaries and or reading about ancient times I...

With all exciting myths, legends and prophecies aside, this is also a great straightforward summary of all empiric archaeological evidence found in Europe and Asia far older than Gobleki Tepe. These finds question the idea that Gobleki Tepe was the first find of a sudden out of nowhere...

No, I never managed to get it to grow. As far as I know, it's genuinely tropical and requires temperatures of at least 28°C anything below this and it will suffer and slowly melt away. I tried and failed 3 times with different specimens. The first one I got was a mature plant from a Discus...

Even tho I never used one myself... :) I think I caught the idea behind it... Looking at George's video and the way it is designed and constructed, the skimmer seems to be a floating and somewhat loose sliding fit and stays afloat because it's shaped like a cup and collects an air pocket...

Yup, that's too much and too long of a tube... :) Something like that will partially fill up with water and suck in air bubbles. Then you'll have 2 forces working against each other... A water volume with a descending rate, littered with air bubbles that have an ascending rate. This means a...

AFAIK the C. lutea 'hobbit' is a fantasy name invented by Dennerle and in reality, this plant is a cultivated genetically dwarfed hybrid from the C. walkerii. Today it's also sold as C. walkerii 'hobbit' and C. walkerii 'lutea'. So, genetically it is and stays a C. walkerii but only the selected...

Most likely not a problem at all and probably have always been there from the beginning. :) What makes the structural strength of the aquarium is all the silicone between the glass, this can have flaws without any issues because there is a lot of it to hold it together. The triangular...

This was a DIY 120cm x 30 cm x 22 cm - 4mm standard blank floating glass... It worked out okay so far, but see the large Cyprus at the right? Its roots pushed the glass panel out and ripped the silicone seal open. The 4 mm seal wasn't strong enough to hold the plant... If I ever do it again I...

I guess this one earns a spot in this new forum... :) https://ukaps.org/forum/threads/where-the-jungle-destroys-red-rock-creek.56867/

It will do perfectly outdoors and even doesn't mind frost, I have it growing in the garden for many years now. Put it in a sunny spot and it'll turn deep dark brown | red and flower like this. That flower will be your definitive ID... But it most likely is, yet never seen a Potamogeton gayi...

The pictures don't show enough to say anything conclusive about it... :) Buying a used empty aquarium always involves a risk, trust and faith in the previous owner. Anyway, an aquarium filled with water doesn't have much stress from water pressure on the side panels and silicone seals little...

Yes, I believe he had a few more encounters with Graham and also that other Belgian guy with the Orion theory of the pyramids. Have you ever seen that documentary series where Hawass is guiding a group of Archeology students into the pyramids and other sites? This man is totally bonkers and...

A sump is rather easy if you keep it simple... You don't need a lot of flow in a low-energy tank with easy plants. I don't remember how much turnover my sumped aquarium has, it's I believe a 400L/h pump that doesn't turn over full capacity. Never measured it because I don't care... The easiest...

It looks more like some personal feud of some high-placed crackhead writing in the name of SAA. It reminds me of Zahi Hawass rants in the name of all Egyptologists... He also is such a hot-headed crazy ranting megalomaniac nut case going totally bonkers when he catches a glance of Graham Hancock.

Haha, unbelievable that the SAA bothers to send such a letter to Netfix... It's television!! Then you can keep on writing letters with all that's aired. Expedition Bigfoot, Paranormal investigation, Area 51 disclosed, Stargate, beem me up snotty!?... etc. I guess Netflix had a laugh too...

Yes I agree, it probably is dated by some charcoal they found at the dig... The stone itself can not be directly dated. I don't know, didn't catch all the details. And they were indeed presented as earlier intermediate less sophisticated structures and artwork predating G. Tepe. The bottom line...

Even earlier sites than Gobekli Tepe but pretty close to each other are mentioned where stone artwork figurines were found and even a carved stone with some ladder-formed carvings that suggested they already may have had some kind of writing | or counting system. At least it didn't look like...

Could be, hard to say with too little information... Whether it all works or how it works is not alone in the holes you drill but in the tubing construction, distance and diameter connected. Even if you would work out and plan the entire idea on paper first with a drawing and dimensions etc. It...

That is because white and black aren't true colours :) Our eyes don't always see it and it depends on the light source to see the true colour or not. White is theoretically a reflection of all colours in the spectrum but still, the whitest white paint ever invented only reflects 98.1% of all...

Here is a nice one @Tim Harrison... And he is right... Graham forgets one thing, but that's because he lives a life in abundance... Living a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle with constantly moving and rebuilding with a variety of available materials also gathers much more versatile...

I can't confirm nor deny without the approval of the spectator... :) You decide what looks most natural and most pleasing to you. It's all about colours and personal taste. K value is very unreliable and can't guarantee a real colour rendition. There are tons of images like this out there and no...

Yes, it's a combination of oils proteins and bacteria feasting on it... :) I believe Diana Walstad wrote about it in her book, but I don't know all the details because I never did read all of it. I also remember an interview where she discussed why she revised the never-water change concept in...

When it comes to spectrum and aesthetics than you are best of with a white light source because this will be most pleasing to the eye. Thus the K value is actually totaly up to you and how you see its colour... The plant doesn't mind that much it will grow anyway from 2700K up to a 10.000K. A...

I wouldn't worry to much about that, it's more of an easthetic eye sore than a structural problem. No idea what you mean with fixing... If you really don't trust it anymore than fixing it can only be done with taking it apart and put in a new glass panel. Broken glass can't be fixed by adding...

A lot of people experienced it... Could be from the plants... Plants can excrete proteins and essential oils from their leaves during their metabolism and this can create oily and or even foamy surface debris. I'm not sure if we know the main cause of why plants do this and it can come and go...

That's what science and "empirical" study are all about, it's kinda forbidden to speculate out loud publically without having any conclusive evidence. I guess if science wants to progress you can't get around the "What if". I think that's the basis of all science but all scientists trained...

That's what I always thought since reading Velikovsky's book "Worlds in Collision" but he made one huge mistake. He over-dramatized the story with a lot of irrelevant and indeed somewhat ridiculous unscientific claims that overshadowed the crucial baseline idea of lower gravity on earth in...

I once had the same idea to create a large paludarium | terrarium and house small geckos. But my housing security became a tad uncertain and might need to move somewhere in the future. So I did put the idea on hold. It seems geckos know how to swim with their paws and tails like crocks do. :)...

Yup! :) It must have been some very skilful Bodybuilder culture on a special protein diet and some natural anabolics, "Homo Schwarzeneggeriensus". They are still trying to find the builder's grave site. :cool: There are quite some theories around from lost or forgotten technologies, Wisdom, and...

Never looked it up, but indeed there are some nice ones... :) https://aqualibs.com/news/stunning-aquascapes-created-by-ai-generated/ The ones that have a see-through side panel with a front shot instead of a reflection are rather obviously fake. The makers forgot something to add there. I...

It might already be doing that a lot to all of us... Looking at how they already are implanting tracking cookies. It knows what we want and what we desire and shows us where and how to obtain it. Already see how human psychics are mapped and how we all kinda follow the same algorithm in...

We have a few potential and metaphoric Atlantis locations in front of our eyes. Take Cuzco in Peru and the curious case of polygonal masonry... Calculating it and measuring and chiselling this complexity with hand tools... We have an ancient term in our language for this translated into...

Take a guess. ;) I have an aquarium... It assumes, you take each bedsheet separately 1 by 1 and let it dry and leave the others wet till the first is done drying. Anyway, it doesn't know the concept of a washing line to dry all 6 bedsheets at the same time in the same time. Funny is if you...

Just don't ask simple mathematical questions... Such as... :lol:

I'm not sure about cultivated strawberries, I have no experience with this... But I have the wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca) all over the garden in the ground in pots and also in hanging pots. Somehow they are indestructible and survive about anything except severe drought... But they can...

You summed it up nicely... All tho... It depends a little on where the bend is and the definition of the bend in degrees... I once made an airlift from a flexible hose, and it worked. A straight rigid tube would be pumping more efficiently, but if the loss is not an issue, it's not a question...

Nymphaea gardneriana and Nymphaea glandulifera are South American tropical lilies commonly available in the aquarium trade. Others? Nymphaea ampla Nymphaea jamesoniana Nymphaea lasiophylla Nymphaea lingulata Nymphaea pulchella Nymphaea rudgeana Nymphaea oxypetala Nymphaea prolifera Nymphaea...

We don't have to go that far away, it happens almost in any of our gardens. Another mindblowing example in the same category is the Symbiotic relationship between our indigenous Ants and the Aphids... :) https://seeds.ca/schoolfoodgardens/aphids-and-ants-mutual-allies/ Ants are not only...

Discovering the Giant Nest Architecture of Grass-Cutting Ants, Atta capiguara The research paper about it... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5492053/ Look at the size of this thing... The yellow dots in the first pic represent the initial entrance mount above the surface...

Yup! That's the way, just one plug that unplugs everything electrical in the tank before you stick a finger in it. :) I made the mistake of having switches in the cabinet and forgot the heater switch. Should have made a main switch for everything... :shy: But still no more titanium or SS...

The issue with the external thermostat is also the external thermistor on a cable because this thing needs to be firmly secured in the water at all times. Pulling it out accidently without notice during maintenance can result in a cooking tank, because it will measure outside the tank and keep...

Once my favourite phone, Motorola Razr... Had the first 2 versions.😀 Beam me op Snotty!! Not sure if Moto was the first with this model. But indeed you'll never know that's why I said "I believe".

Well yes, that's a different cake and feasibly possible at such a scale... But the way it's advertised with ordering a pair of trousers at Amazon and getting it delivered in the middle of an urban environment at your doorstep with an ultra-light? And or drone taxis flying people around 60 feet...

I'm still dreaming of a very pretty female alien abducting me to perform some biological tests... Yet no luck... :confused:

I can't imagine this to be a very cost-effective way of delivering packages, it only says it can still deliver in light rain... But what about wind? Especially in urban non-laminar wind conditions. At the windward side of the obstacle, there will be an updraft about 4 times as high as the...

Do you have air pumps available in Argentina? There are several ways to create an air lift-driven filter system for ponds or pools. http://www.koiknowledge.com/airlift.html https://www.youtube.com/@organicpools-davidpaganbutler https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=pond+air+lift+pump...

Which likely will end by the time they would also develop speech, religion, philosophy, doubt and science. I guess this is what plays a major part in our questionable behaviour. Apes like other animals don't doubt and simply live in the here and now, learning from yesterday and tomorrow doesn't...

Here is some more proof... :lol:

Von Däniken is nothing more than a Hotel Manager and an Ancient Alien copycat... I'm not sure but afaik it was Zecharia Sitchin claiming to be a Sumerian language expert and launching the Ancient Alien Anunnaki story into the media claiming he deciphered it all in detail from a few 6000-year-old...

Probably this is more likely... Chimps (bonobo apes) wage war on each other, and other monkeys, hunt them down and eat them. Apes/primates in general use tools and have emotions similar to us they love and envy and know jealousy the same things that thrive us so-called humans. Anyway, these apes...

If it's superglue you could try a solvent, something like acetone... But if it is a kind of porous rock such as lava is and the glue is soaked in it might not get it all out. Then a chisel and a hammer or a Dremel is the only thing left to try... Or work smarter and not harder... ;) Mask it...

We all don't know... That's why you read so many times "No 2 tanks are the same." Many know UG can do good and some others know UG can go wrong... In between there are people who think their experiences and what they believe to know accordingly must be something universal and applicable to every...

I don't really have a clue... The first that came to mind for the right one was Lobelia maybe? But that's a long shot... I guess we need flowers to be sure... :)

The maker of the above documentary was initially inspired by the book "The Primeval Code" A scientific book about the Swiss researchers' Guido Ebner and Heinz Schürch from the pharmaceutical company Ciba-Geigy. In the 1980's they did Lab experiments with plant seeds, spores and fish eggs to...

Nice documentary from a Dutch Journalist Marijn Poels... As the title says, what is this Primordial code? He investigates history and the present and looks at ancient achievements and lost knowledge... What did we obviously know back then, why is this knowledge lost... How could we evolve so...

Nothing special, the wood was that vertical piece at the right it the very beginning... At first, it started with some terrestrial moss pressed into the nooks and crannies, and this attached by itself. Later plant trimmings from MC Cuba and UG floating around ended up in this moss and stayed...

Yes, it is already known that Glutaraldehyde can damage the cell tissue of certain true aquatic plants. Egeria is only one of them Vallisneria, and some Potamogeton sp. can be added to this list as well... But there aren't many true aquatic plants, the majority of plants we use in the hobby are...