For the kind of UV unit we're thinking about, the water is a thin layer in contact with the UV tube, so I guess the surface area of the tube would...
EG this one; http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/FA/FA16400.pdf which at the bottom of p4 also suggests that the required exposure for other...
I've seen this quoted on a few aquarium websites, but it seems to be a misquote. There are few scientific references on-line which quote...
A lot of people seem to go astray with that sort of thing. If you explain what tests you do, how, and what you are trying to achieve, some-one...
Welcome! :)
Welcome! :) What kind of tetras? They vary a lot in size and requirements. Also what kind of loach? Same applies, plus most are only happy in a...
Wet sand will stick to rocks, wood etc, but when you fill the tank it will drop off, except fr ay horizontal surfaces. There you can remove it...
You could fill it, give a massive dose of Flourish Excel and run the filter to get it into all the inaccessible bits. Leave it a day or two, then...
What about Congo Tetras?
Aren't they the same specimen with a bit of growth time between the two photos?
Have you seen Green Neon Tetras? Fairly similar to Cardinals, but substantially smaller. Smaller even than regular Neons, plus also they are...
Maybe not :) If it was just seconds it would be ok.
That is the safest way. You could disinfect the plants if you really want to move them before the parasite problem is fixed. You could treat them...
No, but I see you have shrimps, so you need to choose a medicine that is safe for crustaceans.
Can you set your timer to give a quick on-off-on-off-on at the start of each photoperiod? So that it ends up on the same mode each time. You...
People will call any old wood driftwood to sell it. Real driftwood became popular because it doesn't leach tannins, having lost them to the sea....
I think the thing is that a big group will be happy whereas a small group might or might not, perhaps depending on the individuals. So a small...
Fair enough. :)
Why do you need RO water?
You can test any rocks etc by putting them in a bucket of tank or pond water with some daphnia for a couple of days. Anything harmful to fish or...
You've got a great excuse for getting another tank or two. :)
An interesting link to some research into why some calcifuge terrestrial plants struggle to grow in calcareous soil. (Although grown in soilless...
After you wash, soak etc, you can test if they are safe by putting them in a bucket of water with some daphnia in it.
Definitely need to dose more fertz. And more cleaning until things are back on track. BGA thrives on organic waste. How is the flow? Do all the...
That doesn't sound as bad as plain beefheart. Beefheart used to be a popular staple diet for Discus, but it's too rich in protein on its own and...
Are the batteries in the pen fresh?
Here's one;...
Yes, quite a few people do that, to get faster growth early on, then slower growth later for less trimming and other maintenance. Don't worry...
I haven't tried, but I think the assassins would eat them, as far as I know they will eat any snails. That's their main diet; some people believe...
So shouldn't you be addressing the uneaten food and waste problem? I don't see how a different substrate will help. Any food left uneaten after a...
Anything more to go on? What issues and why is the substrate to blame?
They can cope with quite deep immersion, but only with the top of the leaves emergent. Completely submerged they have always died off for me.
I think I'll have to work one of these into a scape;...
Why not indeed? With the materials being cheap or free you've got little to lose by trying. First look out for some offcuts of ply or MDF to make...
And trimming the plants would be fun too. :) But you can certainly run a tank successfully with no filter; it used to be quite usual, then went...
A similar change occurs when the monsoon arrives in those areas affected by it (the origin of many of our Asian fish), and when summer comes to...
I forgot about the arching variety; I've got the straight one. Both are nice. There's a dwarf variety as well, but I haven't seen that one for...
Japanese Rush I've got about 6" of water above the top of the compost. I'm sure I've had it deeper before. I've tried it fully submerged but it...
And Marsilea grows well emergent.
That's what my Eleocharis does, up to the surface and then along it. It grows upright in wet soil, with only the roots underwater. What about...
If you camera/phone/computer can do it; film it and play back at half or quarter speed for easier counting.
You could put it in a jar of water and see if it grows, and whether it gets covered in algae. Then put it in your tank later if it looks ok. I...
Well, they're more friendly than grumpy shrimp. :)
Yep, the maths look right to me too. BUT that's assuming that 60l is the actual water content of your tank. If it's a nominal '60l' tank as...
I think your suspicion is correct, that tank is very small for them. I'm sure they will be happier when they get their new tank. Newly-hatched...
You might want to check your drop checker is working properly, eg by breathing into it. It's just possible that the solution wasn't made up correctly.
I haven't tried rice, but it sounds like a good idea. It might last longer before it goes mouldy. Are you getting lots of worms? If it's too wet...
For the microworms, mix enough boiling water with the oats to make a thick paste. Let it cool, then put it in the container. I put it about 3cm...
No bread, just oats, the oats are the base. But that is for microworms, Panagrellus redivivus. For whiteworms you can use potting compost for them...
Vallis is one of the plants known to be sensitive to glutaraldehyde, you would risk killing it all off. Some people have got away with it, but...
Milk goes bad pretty quickly. Sugar probably accelerates the growth of the yeast and brings the culture to an end quicker. There's also sugar in...
Going by the ovary or the fins is more reliable with mature fish, very difficult with young fish from the shop. It's usually best to buy a small...
You asked if people are adding milk, - are you using it? Can you describe your method?
I do much the same as Darrell, except I use boiling water to wet the oats, - no more cooking than that gives. I was told it kills any...
If you adjust the supports of your cover glasses, maybe with pieces of clear platic used as spacers, you can tilt the covers so that all the...
Coal. It was quite popular in aquascapes years ago, easy to cut and shape too. And not as heavy as a lot of rocks.
It looks like he's scraped against something, lost a few scales and maybe the skin beneath too. If so, he should recover easily in a while, as...
iQuatics have a Juwel compatible range if that helps. eg:...
I like that phrase, and we could use it a lot about various manufacturers' claims. :) It pays to remember that people on here just want to help...
I think pH6.5 is the optimum for many kinds of bacteria and other organic processes, so I wouldn't take that as confirmation of the source of your...
Out, with a check valve in the Irish Sea. :) I'll get my coat.
Good guess :) According to the data sheet, it's pumice....
Surely any bacteria etc disturbed would be syphoned out as you vacuum? But mostly they would stay attached to the substrate. Bacteria can stick to...
If you have a tiny gap, you can stop anything falling down where you can't retrieve it by fitting a strip of foam between the top of the tank and...
What a Fish Knows, Jonathan Balcome.
A full tank pic and a plant list would be useful. From what I can see in the pics above you don't have a lot of fast-growing plants. Lots of...
I had mine with Copper Harlequins, which are a bit smaller and less bossy than Harlequins, also Dwarf Chain Loach, all got on together, lots of...
Labels can get swapped around. I've got some nice Amazon Swords, but I don't know what species they are, as they were labelled Crytocoryne...
Separate names with a comma.
